红松林分结构对土壤养分循环的影响
摘 要
红松林作为我国东北地区重要的森林生态系统，在维持区域生态平衡和提供多种生态服务方面发挥着不可替代的作用，研究其林分结构对土壤养分循环的影响具有重要意义。本研究旨在探究不同林分结构下红松林土壤养分循环特征，以期为红松林的经营管理和可持续发展提供理论依据。选取长白山地区典型红松林为研究对象，设置不同年龄、密度、层次结构的样地，通过实地调查取样与室内分析相结合的方法，测定土壤中有机碳、全氮、全磷等关键养分元素含量及其相关酶活性。结果表明，林分结构显著影响土壤养分循环，随着林龄增加，土壤有机碳、全氮含量先升后降；林分密度越大，土壤养分竞争越激烈，导致单位面积内养分积累量减少；复杂层次结构有利于改善微环境，促进微生物活动，提高土壤酶活性，加速养分转化。研究表明，优化红松林分结构可有效提升土壤养分循环效率，为实现红松林资源的高效利用和生态环境保护提供了新的思路，该研究从林分结构角度揭示了红松林土壤养分循环机制，丰富了森林生态学理论。
关键词：红松林; 林分结构; 土壤养分循环; 养分元素含量; 酶活性
Abstract
The Korean pine forest, as a crucial forest ecosystem in Northeast China, plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional ecological balance and providing various ecosystem services. Investigating the effects of stand structure on soil nutrient cycling is of significant importance. This study aims to explore the characteristics of soil nutrient cycling under different stand structures of Korean pine forests, providing theoretical support for the management and sustainable development of these forests. Typical Korean pine forests in the Changbai Mountain region were selected as the study ob jects, with plots established based on varying ages, densities, and stratification structures. Field surveys and laboratory analyses were combined to measure key nutrient elements such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and related enzyme activities. The results indicate that stand structure significantly influences soil nutrient cycling. With increasing forest age, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content first increased and then decreased. Greater stand density intensifies nutrient competition, leading to reduced nutrient accumulation per unit area. A complex stratification structure improves micro-environment conditions, promotes microbial activity, enhances soil enzyme activity, and accelerates nutrient transformation. This study demonstrates that optimizing the stand structure of Korean pine forests can effectively improve soil nutrient cycling efficiency, offering new insights for achieving efficient utilization of Korean pine resources and environmental protection. From the perspective of stand structure, this research reveals the mechanisms of soil nutrient cycling in Korean pine forests, enriching the theories of forest ecology.
Key words:Red Pine Forest; Stand Structure; Soil Nutrient Cycling; Nutrient Element Content; Enzyme Activity
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、红松林分结构特征分析 3
1.1、林分密度与土壤养分关系 3
1.2、树冠层次对光照影响 3
1.3、林下植被覆盖度变化 4
第2章、土壤养分循环过程解析 5
2.1、有机质分解速率研究 5
2.2、养分吸收与释放机制 5
2.3、微生物群落功能分析 6
第3章、林分结构对养分循环的影响 7
3.1、枯枝落叶层厚度效应 7
3.2、根系分布与养分传输 7
3.3、土壤物理性质的改变 8
第4章、养分循环的生态意义探讨 9
4.1、生物多样性维护作用 9
4.2、森林生产力提升机制 9
4.3、碳汇功能强化效果 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
摘 要
红松林作为我国东北地区重要的森林生态系统，在维持区域生态平衡和提供多种生态服务方面发挥着不可替代的作用，研究其林分结构对土壤养分循环的影响具有重要意义。本研究旨在探究不同林分结构下红松林土壤养分循环特征，以期为红松林的经营管理和可持续发展提供理论依据。选取长白山地区典型红松林为研究对象，设置不同年龄、密度、层次结构的样地，通过实地调查取样与室内分析相结合的方法，测定土壤中有机碳、全氮、全磷等关键养分元素含量及其相关酶活性。结果表明，林分结构显著影响土壤养分循环，随着林龄增加，土壤有机碳、全氮含量先升后降；林分密度越大，土壤养分竞争越激烈，导致单位面积内养分积累量减少；复杂层次结构有利于改善微环境，促进微生物活动，提高土壤酶活性，加速养分转化。研究表明，优化红松林分结构可有效提升土壤养分循环效率，为实现红松林资源的高效利用和生态环境保护提供了新的思路，该研究从林分结构角度揭示了红松林土壤养分循环机制，丰富了森林生态学理论。
关键词：红松林; 林分结构; 土壤养分循环; 养分元素含量; 酶活性
Abstract
The Korean pine forest, as a crucial forest ecosystem in Northeast China, plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional ecological balance and providing various ecosystem services. Investigating the effects of stand structure on soil nutrient cycling is of significant importance. This study aims to explore the characteristics of soil nutrient cycling under different stand structures of Korean pine forests, providing theoretical support for the management and sustainable development of these forests. Typical Korean pine forests in the Changbai Mountain region were selected as the study ob jects, with plots established based on varying ages, densities, and stratification structures. Field surveys and laboratory analyses were combined to measure key nutrient elements such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and related enzyme activities. The results indicate that stand structure significantly influences soil nutrient cycling. With increasing forest age, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content first increased and then decreased. Greater stand density intensifies nutrient competition, leading to reduced nutrient accumulation per unit area. A complex stratification structure improves micro-environment conditions, promotes microbial activity, enhances soil enzyme activity, and accelerates nutrient transformation. This study demonstrates that optimizing the stand structure of Korean pine forests can effectively improve soil nutrient cycling efficiency, offering new insights for achieving efficient utilization of Korean pine resources and environmental protection. From the perspective of stand structure, this research reveals the mechanisms of soil nutrient cycling in Korean pine forests, enriching the theories of forest ecology.
Key words:Red Pine Forest; Stand Structure; Soil Nutrient Cycling; Nutrient Element Content; Enzyme Activity
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、红松林分结构特征分析 3
1.1、林分密度与土壤养分关系 3
1.2、树冠层次对光照影响 3
1.3、林下植被覆盖度变化 4
第2章、土壤养分循环过程解析 5
2.1、有机质分解速率研究 5
2.2、养分吸收与释放机制 5
2.3、微生物群落功能分析 6
第3章、林分结构对养分循环的影响 7
3.1、枯枝落叶层厚度效应 7
3.2、根系分布与养分传输 7
3.3、土壤物理性质的改变 8
第4章、养分循环的生态意义探讨 9
4.1、生物多样性维护作用 9
4.2、森林生产力提升机制 9
4.3、碳汇功能强化效果 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
