摘 要
森林火灾是全球生态系统面临的重大挑战之一，对土壤微生物群落结构产生深远影响。本研究旨在探讨不同强度森林火灾后土壤微生物群落结构的变化特征及其生态效应。通过在典型森林火灾区域设置样地，采集火烧迹地及对照区的土壤样品，利用高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落组成，并结合理化性质测定。结果表明，火灾显著改变了土壤微生物多样性、丰富度和群落结构，尤其是中度和重度火烧后，细菌门水平上变形菌门相对丰度降低，而放线菌门相对丰度增加；真菌群落中子囊菌门比例上升。此外，火灾还影响了土壤酶活性，进而改变碳氮循环过程。本研究首次系统揭示了森林火灾对土壤微生物群落结构的多维度影响机制，为评估森林火灾后的生态恢复提供了重要理论依据，也为制定科学合理的森林管理策略提供了数据支持。
关键词：森林火灾; 土壤微生物群落结构; 生态效应; 高通量测序; 碳氮循环
Abstract
Forest fires represent one of the major challenges to global ecosystems, profoundly impacting soil microbial community structures. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and ecological effects of changes in soil microbial communities following forest fires of varying intensities. Soil samples were collected from burned areas and control zones in typical forest fire regions, and high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the composition of soil microbial communities, combined with measurements of soil physicochemical properties. The results indicate that fires significantly altered soil microbial diversity, richness, and community structure, particularly after moderate and severe burns, where the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased while that of Actinobacteria increased at the phylum level; the proportion of Ascomycota also rose within fungal communities. Furthermore, fires influenced soil enzyme activities, thereby altering carbon and nitrogen cycling processes. This study systematically reveals, for the first time, the multidimensional impacts of forest fires on soil microbial community structures, providing crucial theoretical foundations for assessing post-fire ecological recovery and supporting the development of scientifically sound forest management strategies.
Key words:Forest Fire; Soil Microbial Community Structure; Ecological Effects; High-throughput Sequencing; Carbon Nitrogen Cycling
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
第1章、绪论 1
1.1、森林火灾与土壤微生物研究背景 1
1.2、国内外研究现状综述 1
第2章、森林火灾对土壤微生物群落的直接影响 3
2.1、火灾温度对微生物存活的影响 3
2.2、土壤理化性质变化与微生物 3
2.3、火灾后短期微生物群落演替 4
第3章、森林火灾后的土壤微生物群落恢复 5
3.1、微生物群落恢复的时间动态 5
3.2、关键功能微生物类群变化 5
3.3、环境因子对恢复过程的影响 6
第4章、森林火灾对土壤微生物生态功能的影响 7
4.1、有机质分解能力的变化 7
4.2、植物 7
4.3、土壤养分循环过程影响 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
