摘 要
森林抚育间伐是提升森林生态系统功能和可持续性的重要管理措施，其对林下植被多样性的影响机制尚需深入探讨。本研究以典型森林生态系统为对象，通过设置不同强度的间伐处理并结合长期监测数据，分析间伐对林下植被物种组成、丰富度及群落结构的作用机制。研究发现，适度间伐显著增加了林下植被的物种丰富度和均匀度，主要通过改善光照条件和土壤资源可利用性实现；然而，高强度间伐可能导致土壤水分减少和微生境异质性下降，从而抑制部分植物生长。创新点在于揭示了间伐强度与林下植被响应之间的非线性关系，并提出基于目标物种保护的最优间伐阈值。研究表明，合理调控间伐强度能够有效促进林下植被多样性的恢复与维持，为森林经营提供了科学依据。关键词：森林抚育间伐; 林下植被多样性; 间伐强度; 物种丰富度; 微生境异质性
Abstract
Thinning as a forest tending practice is a crucial management measure for enhancing the functionality and sustainability of forest ecosystems, yet the underlying mechanisms of its impact on understory vegetation diversity warrant further investigation. This study focuses on typical forest ecosystems, employing varying intensities of thinning treatments in conjunction with long-term monitoring data to analyze the effects of thinning on species composition, richness, and community structure of understory vegetation. The findings indicate that moderate thinning significantly increases species richness and evenness of understory vegetation primarily by improving light availability and soil resource accessibility. However, high-intensity thinning may lead to reduced soil moisture and decreased microhabitat heterogeneity, thereby inhibiting the growth of certain plant species. A key innovation lies in uncovering the nonlinear relationship between thinning intensity and understory vegetation response, proposing an optimal thinning threshold based on target species conservation. The study demonstrates that appropriately regulating thinning intensity can effectively promote the restoration and maintenance of understory vegetation diversity, providing a scientific basis for forest management practices.Key words:Forest Tending Thinning; Understory Vegetation Diversity; Thinning Intensity; Species Richness; Microhabitat Heterogeneity
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、森林抚育间伐的基本原理 2
1.1、抚育间伐的概念与目标 2
1.2、间伐对森林结构的影响 2
1.3、抚育间伐的生态意义 2
第2章、间伐对林下光照条件的作用 4
2.1、光照条件的变化机制 4
2.2、不同间伐强度对光照的影响 4
2.3、光照变化对植被多样性的作用 5
第3章、间伐对土壤环境的影响机制 6
3.1、土壤养分动态变化 6
3.2、土壤水分条件的改善 6
3.3、土壤环境对植被多样性的调控 7
第4章、林下植被多样性的响应机制 8
4.1、植被物种组成的动态变化 8
4.2、植被群落结构的调整机制 8
4.3、植被多样性与生态系统功能的关系 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
