摘 要
鲁迅小说中的国民性批判思想是中国现代文学研究的重要课题，其背景源于近代中国社会的深刻变革与文化危机。本研究旨在探讨鲁迅如何通过小说创作揭示和反思国民性问题，并剖析其对传统文化和社会结构的批判意义。研究采用文本细读与历史语境分析相结合的方法，从鲁迅作品中选取《阿Q正传》《狂人日记》等经典文本，深入挖掘其中所蕴含的国民性批判思想。研究表明，鲁迅通过塑造典型人物形象，展现了个体在社会压迫下的精神困境，同时揭示了传统伦理观念对人性发展的束缚。创新点在于将鲁迅的国民性批判置于全球化视野下重新审视，强调其思想对当代社会文化建设的启示意义。研究结论认为，鲁迅的批判不仅具有深刻的历史价值，还为理解现代社会中的文化认同与价值重构提供了重要参考，其思想内涵至今仍具有强烈的现实意义和学术价值。
关键词：鲁迅；国民性批判；传统文化；社会结构；全球化视野
A Study on the National Character Criticism in Lu Xun's Novels
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract
The critical thought on national character in Lu Xun's novels is an important subject in the study of modern Chinese literature, with its background rooted in the profound social transformations and cultural crises of modern China. This research aims to explore how Lu Xun reveals and reflects on issues of national character through his fictional works, while analyzing the critical significance of his perspectives on traditional culture and social structures. By combining close reading of texts with historical contextual analysis, this study examines classic works such as "The True Story of Ah Q" and "Diary of a Madman," delving into the embedded critique of national character within these narratives. The findings indicate that Lu Xun, through the creation of archetypal characters, portrays the spiritual predicaments of individuals under societal oppression and exposes the constraints imposed by traditional ethical concepts on human development. An innovative aspect of this research lies in re-evaluating Lu Xun's critique of national character from a globalized perspective, emphasizing the implications of his ideas for contemporary cultural construction. The conclusion suggests that Lu Xun's critique not only holds profound historical value but also provides significant reference for understanding cultural identity and value reconstruction in modern society, with his ideological content continuing to possess strong relevance and academic significance today.
Keywords: Lu Xun；National Character Criticism；Traditional Culture；Social Structure；Globalization Perspective
目 录
引言 1
一、鲁迅小说中的国民性批判思想概述 2
(一)国民性批判的历史背景 2
(二)鲁迅对国民性的定义与理解 2
(三)小说创作中的批判意识体现 3
二、鲁迅小说中个体麻木的批判分析 3
(一)《阿Q正传》中的精神胜利法 3
(二)《孔乙己》中的社会冷漠现象 4
(三)《故乡》中的人性异化问题 4
三、鲁迅小说中群体愚昧的表现研究 5
(一)《狂人日记》中的吃人文化隐喻 5
(二)《药》中群众的盲目与无知 5
(三)《祝福》中的传统礼教束缚 6
四、鲁迅小说中国民性批判的思想价值 6
(一)批判思想对现代文学的影响 6
(二)对国民觉醒的启示意义 7
(三)当代视角下的批判思想再审视 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 9
