功利主义与义务论在学前教育中的冲突研究 -学前教育专业

摘要

功利主义与义务论作为两种重要的伦理学理论，在学前教育领域中展现出深刻的冲突与张力。本研究以当代学前教育实践为背景，探讨这两种理论在教育目标设定、课程设计及教学方法选择中的具体表现及其影响。研究旨在揭示功利主义追求最大效用与义务论强调道德原则之间的矛盾，并分析其对儿童发展和教育公平的潜在作用。通过文献分析与案例研究相结合的方法，选取典型学前教育场景进行深入剖析，发现功利主义倾向可能导致教育资源分配不均，而义务论则可能忽视实际效果的优化。两种理论虽存在冲突，但并非完全对立，可通过构建综合框架实现一定程度的调和。本研究的创新点在于首次系统性地将伦理学理论引入学前教育冲突分析，并提出基于“平衡效用与原则”的新型教育模式，为解决实践中类似问题提供了理论支持与实践指导。

关键词：功利主义；义务论；学前教育；伦理冲突；平衡效用与原则

A Study on the Conflict between Utilitarianism and Deontology in Early Childhood Education

英文人名

Directive teacher:×××

Abstract

Utilitarianism and deontology, as two important ethical theories, show profound conflicts and tensions in the field of preschool education. Based on the practice of contemporary preschool education, this study explores the specific performance and influence of these two theories in educational goal setting, curriculum design and teaching method selection. The study aims to reveal the contradiction between utilitarianism's pursuit of maximum utility and deontology's emphasis on moral principles, and to analyze its potential effects on child development and educational equity. Through the combination of literature analysis and case studies, we select typical preschool education scenarios for in-depth analysis, and find that utilitarian tendency may lead to uneven distribution of educational resources, while deontology may neglect the optimization of actual effects. Although the two theories are in conflict, they are not completely opposed, and can be reconciled to a certain extent by building a comprehensive fr amework. The innovation of this study is that it systematically introduces ethical theory into the conflict analysis of preschool education for the first time, and proposes a new education model based on "balancing utility and principle", which provides theoretical support and practical guidance for solving similar problems in practice.

Keywords: Utilitarianism；Deontology；Preschool Education；Ethical Conflict；Balancing Utility And Principles

引言 1

一、功利主义与义务论的基本理论 1

(一)功利主义的核心思想 1

(二)义务论的基本原则 2

(三)两种理论的哲学基础对比 2

二、学前教育中的功利主义实践 3

(一)功利主义在课程设计中的体现 3

(二)教学目标的效率导向分析 3

(三)儿童发展中的结果主义考量 4

三、学前教育中的义务论实践 4

(一)义务论在教育伦理中的应用 4