PLC在自动化生产线中的应用分析 -机械电子工程专业

摘要

随着工业4.0的推进，自动化生产线成为现代制造业发展的必然趋势，可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）作为自动化控制系统的核心组件，在提高生产效率、产品质量及降低生产成本方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本研究旨在深入探讨PLC在自动化生产线中的应用，通过分析其工作原理、功能特点以及与其他设备的集成方式，揭示PLC在不同应用场景下的优势与局限性。采用文献研究法梳理国内外相关研究成果，结合实际案例调研法，选取典型自动化生产线为样本进行实地考察，运用数据分析法对收集的数据进行处理。结果表明，PLC能够实现精准控制，具有高可靠性、灵活性和可扩展性，可适应多种复杂工况，且易于维护。创新点在于构建了基于PLC的自动化生产线性能评估模型，该模型综合考虑了硬件配置、软件算法、网络通信等因素，为优化PLC的应用提供了理论依据。此外，还提出了针对不同类型生产线的PLC选型建议，有助于企业根据自身需求合理选择PLC产品，从而提升整个自动化生产线的运行效率和智能化水平，为推动我国制造业向高端化、智能化转型提供参考借鉴。

关键词：可编程逻辑控制器；自动化生产线；性能评估模型

Abstract

With the advancement of Industry 4.0, automated production lines have become an inevitable trend in modern manufacturing development, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs), as core components of automation control systems, play an indispensable role in improving production efficiency, product quality, and reducing production costs. This study aims to thoroughly investigate the application of PLCs in automated production lines by analyzing their working principles, functional characteristics, and integration methods with other equipment, thereby revealing the advantages and limitations of PLCs in various application scenarios. A literature review method was employed to organize relevant research findings both domestically and internationally, combined with case studies through on-site investigations of typical automated production lines and data analysis methods for processing collected data. The results indicate that PLCs can achieve precise control, characterized by high reliability, flexibility, and scalability, capable of adapting to a variety of complex working conditions, and easy maintenance. An innovation of this study lies in constructing a performance evaluation model for automated production lines based on PLCs, which comprehensively considers factors such as hardware configuration, software algorithms, and network communication, providing theoretical support for optimizing the application of PLCs. Additionally, PLC selection recommendations for different types of production lines are proposed, assisting enterprises in reasonably choosing PLC products according to their own needs, thereby enhancing the operational efficiency and intelligence level of the entire automated production line, offering reference for promoting the transformation of China's manufacturing industry towards higher-end and smarter directions.

Keywords：Programmable Logic Controller; Automation Production Line; Performance Evaluation Model

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、绪论 1

（一）国内外研究现状综述 1

(二) PLC在自动化生产线应用的背景和意义 1

二、PLC在自动化生产线中的基本原理与架构 1

(一) 自动化生产线的系统架构 2

（二）PLC的工作原理及特点 2

三、PLC在自动化生产线中的具体应用分析 2

(一) 生产线运行控制逻辑设计 2

(二) 设备状态监测与故障诊断 3