摘 要
民事合同违约责任免除事由的认定与适用是民商法领域的重要议题，随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的多样化，违约责任免除事由的准确界定对维护交易秩序、保障当事人权益具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨我国现行法律框架下民事合同违约责任免除事由的认定标准与适用规则，通过梳理相关法律法规及司法解释，结合国内外理论研究成果，运用比较分析、实证研究等方法，深入剖析不可抗力、情势变更、免责条款等主要免除事由的构成要件及其在司法实践中的具体应用。研究发现，当前我国关于违约责任免除事由的规定存在部分概念模糊、适用范围不明确等问题，导致司法实践中存在同案不同判的现象。
关键词：违约责任免除事由 不可抗力 情势变更
Abstract
The identification and application of the reasons for exemption of breach of contract in civil contracts is an important issue in the field of civil and commercial law. With the development of market economy and the diversification of transaction modes, the accurate definition of the reasons for exemption of breach of contract is of great significance to maintaining the transaction order and protecting the rights and interests of the parties. This paper aims to explore the current legal fr amework of civil contract liability for criteria and applicable rules, by combing the relevant laws and regulations and judicial interpretation, combined with the theoretical research results at home and abroad, using comparative analysis, empirical research, in-depth analysis of force majeure, situation change, exemption clause from the main elements and its specific application in judicial practice. It is found that there are some problems in the exemption of the liability of breach of contract, which leads to the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case in judicial practice.
Keyword:Exemption Of Liability For Breach Force Majeure Change Of Circumstances
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状综述 1
1.3研究方法与创新点 2
2违约责任免除事由的理论基础 2
2.1违约责任免除的概念界定 2
2.2免除事由的法律渊源分析 3
2.3各国立法模式比较研究 3
3不可抗力作为免除事由的认定 4
3.1不可抗力的构成要件 4
3.2不可抗力的举证责任分配 5
3.3不可抗力适用中的争议问题 5
4当事人约定的免责条款效力 6
4.1免责条款的有效性判断 6
4.2格式条款下的特别规制 7
4.3免责条款的合理限制范围 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
民事合同违约责任免除事由的认定与适用是民商法领域的重要议题，随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的多样化，违约责任免除事由的准确界定对维护交易秩序、保障当事人权益具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨我国现行法律框架下民事合同违约责任免除事由的认定标准与适用规则，通过梳理相关法律法规及司法解释，结合国内外理论研究成果，运用比较分析、实证研究等方法，深入剖析不可抗力、情势变更、免责条款等主要免除事由的构成要件及其在司法实践中的具体应用。研究发现，当前我国关于违约责任免除事由的规定存在部分概念模糊、适用范围不明确等问题，导致司法实践中存在同案不同判的现象。
关键词：违约责任免除事由 不可抗力 情势变更
Abstract
The identification and application of the reasons for exemption of breach of contract in civil contracts is an important issue in the field of civil and commercial law. With the development of market economy and the diversification of transaction modes, the accurate definition of the reasons for exemption of breach of contract is of great significance to maintaining the transaction order and protecting the rights and interests of the parties. This paper aims to explore the current legal fr amework of civil contract liability for criteria and applicable rules, by combing the relevant laws and regulations and judicial interpretation, combined with the theoretical research results at home and abroad, using comparative analysis, empirical research, in-depth analysis of force majeure, situation change, exemption clause from the main elements and its specific application in judicial practice. It is found that there are some problems in the exemption of the liability of breach of contract, which leads to the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case in judicial practice.
Keyword:Exemption Of Liability For Breach Force Majeure Change Of Circumstances
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状综述 1
1.3研究方法与创新点 2
2违约责任免除事由的理论基础 2
2.1违约责任免除的概念界定 2
2.2免除事由的法律渊源分析 3
2.3各国立法模式比较研究 3
3不可抗力作为免除事由的认定 4
3.1不可抗力的构成要件 4
3.2不可抗力的举证责任分配 5
3.3不可抗力适用中的争议问题 5
4当事人约定的免责条款效力 6
4.1免责条款的有效性判断 6
4.2格式条款下的特别规制 7
4.3免责条款的合理限制范围 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
