无民事行为能力人侵权责任研究 -法学专业

摘要

无民事行为能力人侵权责任是民法领域的重要课题，随着社会的发展和法律体系的完善，该问题日益受到关注。本研究旨在深入探讨无民事行为能力人在侵权行为中的法律责任认定及其承担方式，通过分析现行法律法规、司法解释及相关案例，结合法学理论与实践，采用文献研究法、比较分析法和实证研究法等方法，系统梳理了无民事行为能力人侵权责任的构成要件、归责原则及责任分担机制。研究表明，无民事行为能力人的监护人在侵权责任中起着关键作用，其监护职责的履行情况直接影响责任的认定与分配；同时，通过对域外相关立法经验的借鉴，提出了优化我国无民事行为能力人侵权责任制度的建议，如明确监护人责任范围、细化侵权行为类型、完善赔偿机制等。本研究创新性地引入心理学和社会学视角，探讨了无民事行为能力人认知能力和行为控制能力对其侵权行为的影响，并首次提出将监护人教育义务纳入法律责任考量范畴，为完善我国侵权责任法提供了新的理论依据和实践参考，具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。

关键词：无民事行为能力人侵权责任监护人责任

Abstract

The tort liability of individuals without civil capacity is a significant topic in the field of civil law, gaining increasing attention with societal development and the perfection of legal systems. This study aims to thoroughly examine the determination and assumption of legal responsibility for torts committed by individuals without civil capacity. By analyzing current laws, judicial interpretations, and relevant cases, and integrating legal theory with practice, this research employs methods such as literature review, comparative analysis, and empirical study to systematically outline the elements constituting tort liability, attribution principles, and mechanisms for liability distribution for individuals without civil capacity. The findings indicate that guardians play a crucial role in tort liability, where the fulfillment of their guardianship duties directly impacts the determination and allocation of responsibility. Furthermore, drawing on legislative experiences from other jurisdictions, this study proposes recommendations to optimize China's tort liability system for individuals without civil capacity, including clarifying the scope of guardians' responsibilities, specifying types of tortious acts, and improving compensation mechanisms. Innovatively, this research incorporates perspectives from psychology and sociology to explore how cognitive and behavioral control capabilities influence tortious behavior in individuals without civil capacity, and it is the first to suggest incorporating guardians' educational obligations into the consideration of legal liability. This provides new theoretical foundations and practical references for refining China’s tort liability law, thereby holding important academic value and practical significance.

Keyword:Incompetent Person、Tort Liability Guardian Responsibility

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2研究现状综述 1

1.3研究方法概述 2

2无民事行为能力人的法律界定 2

2.1民事行为能力的概念 2

2.2无民事行为能力的认定标准 3

2.3特殊情况下的能力判定 3

3侵权责任构成要件分析 4

3.1行为违法性探讨 4

3.2损害结果的认定 5