摘 要
盈利能力是衡量企业经营绩效的核心指标，构建科学合理的盈利能力分析指标体系对企业价值评估和投资决策具有重要意义。鉴于传统盈利指标存在局限性，本文旨在建立一个全面、系统的盈利能力分析框架。通过文献综述与理论分析，结合财务报表数据，运用因子分析法筛选出最具代表性的财务指标，构建包含盈利能力、盈利质量、盈利稳定性和盈利成长性四个维度的综合评价体系。研究选取沪深两市2017 - 2021年非金融类上市公司为样本，实证检验表明该指标体系能够有效区分不同企业的盈利能力特征，且对股价表现具有显著预测能力。创新之处在于引入了非财务指标作为补充，并建立了动态监测机制，提高了盈利预测的准确性和时效性。本研究为企业管理者提供了科学的盈利管理工具，也为投资者进行价值判断提供了可靠依据，丰富了会计学领域关于企业盈利性的研究内容。
关键词：盈利能力分析；财务指标体系；因子分析法
Abstract
Profitability is the core index to measure the business performance of enterprises. It is of great significance to build a scientific and reasonable profitability analysis index system for enterprise value evaluation and investment decision. Given the limitations of traditional profit indicators, this paper aims to establish a comprehensive and systematic profitability analysis fr amework. Through literature review and theoretical analysis, combined with financial statement data, the most representative financial index is screened out by the factor analysis method, and a comprehensive evaluation system including four dimensions of profitability, profit quality, profit stability and profit growth is constructed. The research selects the non-financial listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021 as the sample. The empirical test shows that the index system can effectively distinguish the profitability characteristics of different enterprises, and has a significant ability to predict the stock price performance. The innovation lies in the introduction of non-financial indicators as a supplement, and the establishment of a dynamic monitoring mechanism, to improve the accuracy and timeliness of the profit forecast. This study provides scientific profit management tools for enterprise managers, and also provides a reliable basis for investors to make value judgment, and enriches the research content on enterprise profitability in the field of accounting.
Keywords: Profitability analysis; financial index system; factor analysis method
目 录
1 引言 1
2 盈利能力分析的理论基础 1
2.1 盈利能力概念界定 1
2.2 盈利能力研究现状综述 2
2.3 构建指标体系的理论依据 2
3 指标体系构建的原则与方法 3
3.1 构建原则的确立 3
3.2 指标选择的标准 3
3.3 数据获取与处理方式 3
4 核心盈利能力指标设计 4
4.1 收入类指标构建 4
4.2 成本费用类指标 4
4.3 利润类指标设计 5
5 指标体系的应用实践 5
5.1 企业内部管理应用 5
5.2 行业对比分析应用 6
5.3 投资决策支持应用 6
6 结论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
盈利能力是衡量企业经营绩效的核心指标，构建科学合理的盈利能力分析指标体系对企业价值评估和投资决策具有重要意义。鉴于传统盈利指标存在局限性，本文旨在建立一个全面、系统的盈利能力分析框架。通过文献综述与理论分析，结合财务报表数据，运用因子分析法筛选出最具代表性的财务指标，构建包含盈利能力、盈利质量、盈利稳定性和盈利成长性四个维度的综合评价体系。研究选取沪深两市2017 - 2021年非金融类上市公司为样本，实证检验表明该指标体系能够有效区分不同企业的盈利能力特征，且对股价表现具有显著预测能力。创新之处在于引入了非财务指标作为补充，并建立了动态监测机制，提高了盈利预测的准确性和时效性。本研究为企业管理者提供了科学的盈利管理工具，也为投资者进行价值判断提供了可靠依据，丰富了会计学领域关于企业盈利性的研究内容。
关键词：盈利能力分析；财务指标体系；因子分析法
Abstract
Profitability is the core index to measure the business performance of enterprises. It is of great significance to build a scientific and reasonable profitability analysis index system for enterprise value evaluation and investment decision. Given the limitations of traditional profit indicators, this paper aims to establish a comprehensive and systematic profitability analysis fr amework. Through literature review and theoretical analysis, combined with financial statement data, the most representative financial index is screened out by the factor analysis method, and a comprehensive evaluation system including four dimensions of profitability, profit quality, profit stability and profit growth is constructed. The research selects the non-financial listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021 as the sample. The empirical test shows that the index system can effectively distinguish the profitability characteristics of different enterprises, and has a significant ability to predict the stock price performance. The innovation lies in the introduction of non-financial indicators as a supplement, and the establishment of a dynamic monitoring mechanism, to improve the accuracy and timeliness of the profit forecast. This study provides scientific profit management tools for enterprise managers, and also provides a reliable basis for investors to make value judgment, and enriches the research content on enterprise profitability in the field of accounting.
Keywords: Profitability analysis; financial index system; factor analysis method
目 录
1 引言 1
2 盈利能力分析的理论基础 1
2.1 盈利能力概念界定 1
2.2 盈利能力研究现状综述 2
2.3 构建指标体系的理论依据 2
3 指标体系构建的原则与方法 3
3.1 构建原则的确立 3
3.2 指标选择的标准 3
3.3 数据获取与处理方式 3
4 核心盈利能力指标设计 4
4.1 收入类指标构建 4
4.2 成本费用类指标 4
4.3 利润类指标设计 5
5 指标体系的应用实践 5
5.1 企业内部管理应用 5
5.2 行业对比分析应用 6
5.3 投资决策支持应用 6
6 结论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
