高效节水灌溉技术对农田产量的作用分析 -农学专业

摘要

随着全球水资源短缺问题日益严峻，农业用水效率成为制约现代农业可持续发展的关键因素。本研究旨在探讨高效节水灌溉技术对农田产量的影响机制，通过在典型干旱半干旱地区选取代表性样点，采用田间试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统分析滴灌、微喷灌和管道输水等节水灌溉模式下作物生长状况及产量变化特征。结果表明，相较于传统漫灌方式，高效节水灌溉技术可显著提高水分利用效率15% - 30%，并使作物产量平均提升12.6%，其中以滴灌效果最为明显。通过对土壤湿度、根系发育、叶面积指数等关键指标的监测发现，节水灌溉优化了作物生长环境，促进了光合作用和养分吸收。研究表明，推广高效节水灌溉技术不仅能够缓解水资源压力，还能有效提高农作物单产水平，为保障国家粮食安全提供了重要的技术支持，具有显著的经济和社会效益。

关键词：高效节水灌溉技术；水分利用效率；作物产量

EFFECT ANALYSIS OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY ON FARMLAND YIELD

ABSTRACT

With the increasingly serious problem of global water resources shortage, agricultural water use efficiency has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of modern agriculture. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence mechanism of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technology on farmland yield. By selecting representative sample points in typical arid and semi-arid areas, field experiment and numerical simulation were used to systematically analyze the characteristics of crop growth and yield changes under water-saving irrigation modes such as drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation and pipeline water delivery. The results showed that compared with traditional flood irrigation, high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technology could significantly improve water use efficiency by 15%-30%, and increase crop yield by 12.6% on average, among which drip irrigation had the most obvious effect. Through the monitoring of soil moisture, root development, leaf area index and other key indicators, it was found that water-saving irrigation optimized the growing environment of crops and promoted photosynthesis and nutrient absorption. The research shows that the promotion of efficient water-saving irrigation technology can not only alleviate the pressure of water resources, but also effectively improve the yield level of crops per unit area, provide important technical support for ensuring national food security, and have significant economic and social benefits.

KEY WORDS：high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technology; Water use efficiency; Crop yield

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

第2章高效节水灌溉技术概述 3

2.1 主要节水灌溉技术类型 3

2.2 技术原理与应用特点 3

2.3 节水灌溉技术的发展趋势 3

第3章节水灌溉对作物生长的影响 5

3.1 作物水分需求特性分析 5