植物病害生物防治技术的研究进展 -植物保护专业

摘要

植物病害对农业生产构成严重威胁，传统化学防治手段存在环境污染、抗药性等弊端，生物防治技术作为绿色可持续的替代方案备受关注。本研究旨在系统梳理近年来植物病害生物防治领域的研究进展，聚焦于微生物制剂、拮抗菌及植物源物质的应用探索。通过对国内外相关文献进行综合分析，总结了不同生物防治策略的作用机制与应用效果，特别关注了内生菌群调控、诱导抗性反应以及生物互作网络构建等创新方向。研究发现，微生物源生物防治剂在提高作物抗病性方面展现出显著优势，其通过竞争作用、重寄生、抗生作用等多种途径抑制病原菌生长繁殖；同时，利用基因编辑技术优化有益微生物功能成为新的研究热点。此外，基于生态系统的综合治理模式逐渐兴起，强调多因子协同作用以增强防治效果。研究表明，生物防治技术不仅能够有效控制植物病害，而且有助于维护农田生态系统平衡，减少化学农药依赖。未来应进一步加强基础理论研究，完善技术体系标准化建设，推动生物防治产品产业化进程，为实现农业绿色发展提供坚实保障。

关键词：植物病害生物防治；微生物制剂；拮抗菌

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF PLANT DISEASES

ABSTRACT

Plant diseases pose a serious threat to agricultural production. Traditional chemical control methods have drawbacks such as environmental pollution and drug resistance, and biological control technology has attracted much attention as a green and sustainable alternative. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the research progress in the field of plant disease biological control in recent years, focusing on the application of microbial agents, antagonistic bacteria and plant-derived substances. Based on the comprehensive analysis of relevant literatures at home and abroad, the mechanism of action and application effects of different biological control strategies were summarized, with special attention paid to the innovation direction of endophytic flora regulation, induced resistance response and the construction of biological interaction network. It was found that the biocontrol agents derived from microorganisms showed significant advantages in improving crop disease resistance, and inhibited the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria through competition, hyperparasitism and antibiosis. At the same time, the use of gene editing technology to optimize the function of beneficial microorganisms has become a new research hotspot. In addition, ecosystem-based integrated management models are emerging, emphasizing multi-factor synergies to enhance prevention and control effects. Research shows that biological control technology can not only effectively control plant diseases, but also help to maintain the balance of farmland ecosystem and reduce the dependence on chemical pesticides. In the future, we should further strengthen the basic theoretical research, improve the standardization of the technical system, promote the industrialization process of biological control products, and provide a solid guarantee for the realization of green agricultural development.

KEY WORDS：biological control of plant diseases; Microbial preparations; Antagonistic bacteria

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 国内外研究现状综述 2

第2章生物防治机制与原理 3

2.1 微生物拮抗作用机制 3

2.2 诱导植物系统抗性 3

2.3 生物防治中的信号分子 3

第3章生物防治资源开发与利用 4

3.1 有益微生物资源筛选 4