摘 要
司法赔偿制度作为维护公民合法权益、监督公权力依法行使的重要机制，在全面依法治国进程中具有不可替代的作用。随着社会转型加速和法治建设深入推进，现行司法赔偿制度面临诸多挑战，如赔偿范围界定模糊、程序衔接不畅、责任主体认定困难等，亟需完善。本研究基于实证分析与比较法视角，综合运用文献研究、案例分析及问卷调查等方法，系统梳理我国司法赔偿制度的发展脉络，剖析现存问题及其成因。研究发现，当前制度在赔偿标准量化、执行保障机制等方面存在明显不足，难以有效回应人民群众对公平正义的新期待。为此，本文提出构建多元化的赔偿责任体系，优化司法赔偿程序设计，强化监督制约机制等对策建议，旨在通过制度创新实现权利救济与权力规制的有机统一。研究结果表明，完善后的司法赔偿制度将更有利于保护公民权益，提升司法公信力，促进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。该研究不仅为相关立法提供了理论依据，也为司法实践探索了可行路径，具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。
关键词：司法赔偿制度 公民权益保护 法治建设
Abstract
The judicial compensation system, as a crucial mechanism for safeguarding citizens' legitimate rights and interests and supervising the lawful exercise of public power, plays an irreplaceable role in the comprehensive promotion of rule of law. With the acceleration of social transformation and the deepening of legal system construction, the current judicial compensation system faces numerous challenges, such as ambiguous definitions of compensation scope, inadequate procedural connections, and difficulties in identifying liable parties, necessitating improvements. This study, based on empirical analysis and comparative legal perspectives, employs a combination of literature review, case analysis, and questionnaire surveys to systematically trace the development trajectory of China's judicial compensation system and analyze existing problems and their causes. The research reveals that the current system falls short in areas such as quantifying compensation standards and ensuring enforcement mechanisms, failing to effectively meet the new expectations of the people for fairness and justice. To address these issues, this paper proposes establishing a diversified liability compensation system, optimizing the design of judicial compensation procedures, and strengthening supervision and restraint mechanisms, aiming to achieve organic unity between rights relief and power regulation through institutional innovation. The findings indicate that a refined judicial compensation system will better protect citizens' rights, enhance judicial credibility, and promote the modernization of the national governance system and capacity. This research not only provides theoretical support for relevant legislation but also explores feasible paths for judicial practice, holding significant practical implications and application value.
Keyword:Judicial Compensation System Citizen Rights Protection Rule Of Law Construction
目 录
引言 1
1司法赔偿制度的理论基础 1
1.1司法赔偿的概念界定 1
1.2国内外研究现状综述 2
1.3理论框架与研究方法 2
2当前司法赔偿制度的主要挑战 3
2.1赔偿范围的局限性分析 3
2.2赔偿程序的复杂性探讨 3
2.3赔偿标准的合理性评估 4
3制度完善的关键问题剖析 4
3.1权利保障机制的构建 4
3.2赔偿责任主体的明确 5
3.3赔偿资金来源的保障 5
4完善司法赔偿制度的具体对策 6
4.1优化赔偿程序设计 6
4.2健全赔偿标准体系 6
4.3强化监督与问责机制 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
