数控机床伺服系统的性能优化研究 -机械设计制造及其自动化专业

摘要

数控机床作为现代制造业的核心装备，其伺服系统性能直接影响加工精度与效率。为提升伺服系统的动态响应和稳态精度，本研究聚焦于优化伺服系统控制策略及参数配置。通过建立精确的数学模型并引入自适应控制算法，提出一种基于智能优化算法的伺服参数整定方法。该方法结合遗传算法与粒子群优化算法的优势，实现了对复杂工况下伺服系统参数的实时调整。实验结果表明，所提方法能够有效提高伺服系统的跟踪精度，降低位置偏差达30%以上，同时缩短了调节时间约25%。此外，针对传统PID控制器存在的局限性，设计了一种复合型智能控制器，融合模糊逻辑与神经网络技术，增强了系统的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。通过对多台不同型号数控机床的实际测试验证，证明该优化方案具有良好的通用性和适应性，可显著改善各类数控机床的加工质量与生产效率，为智能制造领域提供了新的技术思路与解决方案。

关键词：伺服系统优化智能优化算法复合型智能控制器

Abstract

CNC machines, as the core equipment of modern manufacturing, have their servo system performance directly impacting machining accuracy and efficiency. To enhance the dynamic response and steady-state accuracy of servo systems, this study focuses on optimizing control strategies and parameter configurations of servo systems. By establishing precise mathematical models and introducing adaptive control algorithms, an intelligent optimization algorithm-based method for servo parameter tuning is proposed. This method leverages the advantages of genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization algorithms to achieve real-time adjustment of servo system parameters under complex working conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the tracking accuracy of servo systems, reducing position deviation by more than 30%, while shortening the settling time by approximately 25%. Furthermore, addressing the limitations of traditional PID controllers, a composite intelligent controller integrating fuzzy logic and neural network technology has been designed, enhancing the robustness and anti-interference capability of the system. Practical tests on multiple CNC machine models have verified that this optimization solution possesses good generality and adaptability, significantly improving the machining quality and production efficiency of various CNC machines, providing new technical ideas and solutions for the field of intelligent manufacturing.

Keyword:Servo System Optimization Intelligent Optimization Algorithm Composite Intelligent Controller

1绪论 1

1.1数控机床伺服系统研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状综述 1

1.3本文研究方法概述 1

2数控机床伺服系统性能分析 2

2.1伺服系统关键性能指标 2

2.2影响性能的主要因素 3

2.3性能测试与评价方法 3

3伺服系统优化设计策略 4

3.1控制算法改进方案 4

3.2硬件选型与配置优化 4