摘 要
随着全球能源需求的不断增长和传统化石能源的日益枯竭，生物质能源作为一种可再生、环境友好的能源形式受到广泛关注。本研究从化学工程视角出发，旨在系统探讨生物质能源的开发利用，以期为缓解能源危机提供新思路。研究选取典型生物质原料，通过热化学转化（如热解、气化）和生物化学转化（如发酵）等方法进行实验，构建了多尺度模型以模拟不同转化过程，并结合微观结构分析与宏观性能评价。结果表明，热解技术能有效将生物质转化为高附加值的液体燃料和化学品，而发酵法在生产生物乙醇方面展现出良好前景。创新性地提出了一种集成工艺，该工艺融合了预处理、主反应及产物分离优化环节，显著提高了能源转化效率和产品质量。通过对多种因素的综合考量，包括经济成本、环境影响和技术可行性，得出结论：合理选择转化路径并优化工艺参数是实现生物质能源高效利用的关键，此研究为生物质能源的实际应用提供了理论依据和技术支持，对推动可持续能源体系构建具有重要意义。
关键词：生物质能源；热解技术；发酵法
Abstract
With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the depletion of traditional fossil energy, biomass energy as a renewable and environmentally friendly form of energy has been widely concerned. From the perspective of chemical engineering, this study aims to systematically explore the development and utilization of biomass energy, in order to provide new ideas for alleviating energy crisis. The study selected typical biomass raw materials, and conducted experiments by thermochemical transformation (such as pyrolysis and gasification) and biochemical transformation (such as fermentation). Multi-scale models were constructed to simulate different transformation processes, combined with microstructure analysis and macro performance evaluation. The results show that pyrolysis technology can effectively transform biomass into high value-added liquid fuels and chemicals, and fermentation method shows a good prospect in the production of bioethanol. An innovative integrated process is proposed, which combines pretreatment, main reaction and product separation optimization, and significantly improves energy conversion efficiency and product quality. Through comprehensive consideration of various factors, including economic cost, environmental impact and technical feasibility, it is concluded that reasonable selection of conversion paths and optimization of process parameters are the key to achieve efficient utilization of biomass energy. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of biomass energy, and is of great significance to promote the construction of sustainable energy system.
Key Words: Biomass energy; Pyrolysis technology; Fermentation method
目 录
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.2 化学工程视角下的研究现状 1
第二章 生物质原料特性与预处理 3
2.1 原料种类及其化学组成 3
2.2 预处理技术的选择依据 4
2.3 预处理过程中的能量消耗 5
第三章 生物质转化技术分析 6
3.1 热化学转化路径探讨 6
3.2 生物化学转化机制研究 7
3.3 物理化学转化方法评估 7
第四章 生物质能源产品优化 9
4.1 产品质量控制标准 9
4.2 提高产率的技术手段 10
4.3 降低生产成本策略 10
结论 12
致 谢 13
参考文献 14
