摘 要
本研究聚焦益智玩具在小学教育教学中的实践应用，旨在探索其对学生认知发展、学习兴趣及综合能力培养的促进作用。研究采用混合研究方法，通过文献分析、课堂观察、问卷调查及实验对比等方式，对三所小学的12个班级进行为期一学期的跟踪研究。研究发现，科学设计的益智玩具能有效提升学生的空间思维能力、问题解决能力和创新意识，尤其在数学和科学课程中表现出显著效果。研究创新性地构建了"益智玩具-教学策略-学习效果"的三维评价体系，提出了基于年龄特征和学科特点的益智玩具分类应用模型。实践表明，将益智玩具融入课堂教学不仅提高了学生的学习参与度，还促进了教师教学方式的创新。
关键词：益智玩具；小学教育；认知发展
Abstract
This study focuses on the practical application of educational toys in primary education and teaching, and aims to explore its promoting effect on students' cognitive development, learning interest and comprehensive ability cultivation. We followed the 12 classes in the three primary schools through literature analysis, classroom observation, questionnaire survey and experimental comparison. It is found that the scientifically designed educational toys can effectively improve the students' spatial thinking ability, problem solving ability and innovation consciousness, especially in mathematics and science courses. The three-dimensional evaluation system of "educational toys-teaching strategy-learning effect" is innovatively constructed, and it puts forward the classification and application model of educational toys based on age characteristics and subject characteristics. Practice shows that integrating educational toys into classroom teaching not only improves students 'participation in learning, but also promotes the innovation of teachers' teaching methods.
Key words：Puzzle toys; primary school education; cognitive development
目 录
摘要 1
Abstract 1
一、益智玩具在小学教育中的理论基础 3
（一）益智玩具的教育功能分析 3
（二）小学生认知发展与益智玩具的适配性 3
（三）益智玩具在课程标准中的定位 4
二、益智玩具在小学课堂的应用现状 4
（一）当前小学课堂益智玩具使用情况调查 4
（二）教师对益智玩具应用的认知与态度 5
（三）益智玩具应用中的主要问题分析 5
三、益智玩具的教学实践模式研究 6
（一）基于学科特点的益智玩具选择策略 6
（二）益智玩具融入课堂教学的设计方法 6
（三）不同年级段的应用模式比较 6
四、益智玩具应用效果评估与优化建议 7
（一）学生学习效果的实证研究 7
（二）教师教学能力的提升路径 7
（三）益智玩具应用的改进策略 8
五、结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
