摘 要
古代诗词作为中华文化的重要载体，其自然意象的运用不仅体现了诗人对自然的审美观照，更承载了深厚的文化内涵。本研究以先秦至唐宋时期的代表性诗词为研究对象，采用文本细读与意象分析相结合的方法，系统考察了自然意象的类型、演变及其文化意义。研究发现，古代诗词中的自然意象经历了从单纯的自然描摹到象征隐喻的转变过程，其中山水、花鸟、日月等意象逐渐成为特定情感与文化观念的符号化表达。通过对比分析不同时期、不同流派诗人的创作特点，揭示了自然意象与文人精神世界的内在关联：魏晋时期以山水寄托隐逸情怀，唐代诗歌中自然意象多表现豪迈气象，而宋代则倾向于借物抒怀、托物言志。
关键词：自然意象；古代诗词；文化内涵
Abstract
As an important carrier of Chinese culture, the application of natural images of ancient poetry not only reflects the poet's aesthetic view of nature, but also carries the profound cultural connotation. Taking the representative poems from the pre-Qin to the Tang and Song dynasties, we study the types and evolution of natural images and their cultural significance by using the combination of text reading and image analysis. It is found that the natural images in ancient poetry have undergone a transformation process from simple natural desc ription to symbolic me taphor, in which the images such as landscape, flowers and birds, sun and moon have gradually become the symbolic ex pression of specific emotions and cultural concepts. Through the comparison and analysis of the creative characteristics of poets in different periods and schools, the internal connection between the natural images and the spiritual world of literati was revealed: the Wei and Jin dynasties expressed the feelings of seclusion, and the natural images in the Tang Dynasty poems showed the heroic atmosphere, while the Song Dynasty tended to express their feelings and aspirations.
Key words：Natural image; ancient poetry; cultural connotation
目 录
摘要 1
Abstract 1
一、古代诗词中自然意象的起源与发展 3
（一）先秦诗歌中的自然意象雏形 3
（二）汉魏六朝自然意象的成熟 3
（三）唐宋时期自然意象的鼎盛 4
二、自然意象的类型学分析 4
（一）山水意象的文化内涵 4
（二）花鸟意象的情感寄托 5
（三）气象意象的象征意义 5
三、自然意象的艺术表现手法 6
（一）比兴手法中的自然元素运用 6
（二）意境营造与自然景观的关系 6
（三）时空转换中的自然描写技巧 7
四、自然意象的文化意义解读 7
（一）天人合一思想的诗意表达 7
（二）隐逸文化的自然寄托 8
（三）文人精神世界的物化呈现 8
五、 结论 9
参考文献 10
致谢 11
