摘 要
本研究以教育公平为理论视角，采用混合研究方法，通过问卷调查、深度访谈和实地观察，系统考察了我国农村教育发展现状及其面临的困境。研究发现，当前农村教育在资源配置、师资力量、教学质量等方面与城市存在显著差距，主要表现为教育经费投入不足、优质教师流失严重、课程设置与农村实际需求脱节等问题。研究创新性地构建了"城乡教育公平指数评价体系"，并运用该体系对全国15个省份的农村学校进行了实证分析。结果表明，区域经济发展水平与教育公平程度呈显著正相关，而政策支持力度对缩小城乡教育差距具有关键作用。基于研究结果，本文提出了优化财政转移支付机制、完善乡村教师激励机制、推进城乡学校结对帮扶等政策建议。
关键词：教育公平；农村教育发展；城乡教育差距
Abstract
From the theoretical perspective of educational equity, using mixed research methods, we systematically investigate the development status and dilemma of rural education in China through questionnaires, in-depth interviews and field observation. The study found that there is a significant gap between rural education and cities in terms of resource allocation, teachers and teaching quality, which is mainly manifested as insufficient investment of education funds, serious loss of high-quality teachers, and the disconnection between curriculum and the actual needs of rural areas. The paper innovatively constructed the "urban and rural education equity index evaluation system", and uses the system to effectively analyze the rural schools in 15 provinces. The results show that the level of regional economic development is significantly and positively correlated with the degree of educational equity, and the policy support plays a key role in narrowing the educational gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the research results, this paper puts forward policy suggestions such as optimizing the financial transfer payment mechanism, improving the incentive mechanism of rural teachers, and promoting the pair support of urban and rural schools.
Key words：Educational equity; the development of rural education; the gap between urban and rural education
目 录
摘要 1
Abstract 1
一、农村教育公平的理论基础与现状分析 3
（一）教育公平理论的内涵与发展 3
（二）农村教育发展的历史脉络 3
（三）当前农村教育公平的主要问题 4
二、农村教育资源分配的不均衡现象 4
（一）城乡教育资源投入差距分析 4
（二）农村教师队伍建设困境 5
（三）农村学校基础设施现状调查 5
三、影响农村教育公平的社会因素 6
（一）家庭经济条件对教育机会的影响 6
（二）文化资本差异与教育选择 6
（三）社会流动机制与教育公平 6
四、促进农村教育公平的政策建议 7
（一）优化教育资源分配机制 7
（二）完善农村教师发展体系 7
（三）构建多元化的教育支持网络 8
五、 结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
