摘要
随着人们对饮用水质量要求的不断提高，膜技术作为一种高效、环保的水处理技术得到了广泛应用。然而，在实际应用中，膜技术常因水质复杂、污染物种类繁多等因素而面临挑战。预处理技术作为膜饮用水处理的重要环节，其效果直接影响膜过滤的性能和出水质量。本文综述了预处理技术在膜饮用水处理中的应用，包括混凝/絮凝预处理、吸附预处理、氧化预处理和调节pH值预处理等。这些预处理技术通过不同的机制去除水中的悬浮物、胶体、有机物和微生物等污染物，为后续的膜过滤提供优质的进水条件。然而，预处理技术在应用中仍存在一些问题，如预处理效果不佳、对膜性能的影响、成本较高以及技术局限性等。为解决这些问题，本文提出了优化预处理工艺参数和操作流程、研发新型预处理技术和材料、加强预处理与膜技术的联合研究以及推广先进的预处理技术和设备等措施。通过本文的研究，旨在为膜饮用水处理中的预处理技术提供理论支持和实践指导，促进预处理技术的创新与发展，提高膜过滤的效率和出水质量，保障人们饮用水的安全与健康。
关键词：预处理技术；膜饮用水处理；混凝/絮凝；吸附；氧化；pH值调节
Abstract
With the continuous improvement of drinking water quality requirements, membrane technology has been widely used as an efficient and environmentally friendly water treatment technology. However, in practical applications, membrane technology often faces challenges due to complex water quality and a wide variety of pollutants. As an important part of membrane drinking water treatment, pretreatment technology directly affects the performance of membrane filtration and effluent quality. This paper reviews the application of pretreatment technology in membrane drinking water treatment, including coagulation/flocculation pretreatment, adsorption pretreatment, oxidation pretreatment and pH adjustment pretreatment. These pretreatment technologies remove contaminants such as suspended matter, colloid, organic matter and microorganisms from the water through different mechanisms to provide high-quality influent conditions for subsequent membrane filtration. However, there are still some problems in the application of pretreatment technology, such as poor pretreatment effect, influence on membrane properties, high cost and technical limitations. In order to solve these problems, measures such as optimizing pretreatment process parameters and operation flow, developing new pretreatment technology and materials, strengthening joint research of pretreatment and membrane technology, and promoting advanced pretreatment technology and equipment are put forward in this paper. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the pretreatment technology of membrane drinking water treatment, promote the innovation and development of pretreatment technology, improve the efficiency of membrane filtration and effluent quality, and ensure the safety and health of people's drinking water.
Keywords： Pretreatment technology; Membrane drinking water treatment; Coagulation/flocculation; Adsorption; Oxidation; pH adjustment
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 4
（一）研究背景 4
（二）研究目的及意义 4
二、预处理技术的理论基础 5
（一）预处理技术的定义 5
（二）预处理技术的分类 5
（三）预处理技术的原理与机制 5
三、预处理技术在膜饮用水处理中的应用 7
（一）混凝/絮凝预处理 7
（二）吸附预处理 7
（三）氧化预处理 8
（四）调节pH值预处理 8
四、预处理技术在膜饮用水处理中存在的问题 10
（一）预处理效果不佳 10
（二）预处理对膜性能的影响 10
（三）预处理成本较高 11
（四）预处理技术的局限性 11
五、预处理技术在膜饮用水处理中的优化 12
（一）优化预处理工艺参数和操作流程 12
（二）研发新型预处理技术和材料 12
（三）加强预处理与膜技术的联合研究 12
（四）推广先进的预处理技术和设备 13
结论 14
参考文献 15
