摘要
随着我国城镇化进程加快和农村经济快速发展，农村生活污水排放量持续增加，成为环境污染的重要来源之一。然而，传统污水处理技术在农村地区面临成本高、维护难等问题，难以满足实际需求。本研究旨在探讨适用于农村地区的污水处理技术及其推广策略，以解决当前农村污水处理中存在的问题。通过文献综述与实地调研相结合的方法，分析了不同类型污水处理技术的适用性，并结合农村地区的自然条件、经济水平和社会需求，提出了针对性的技术选择框架。同时，基于案例分析，总结了成功经验并提炼出适合不同区域特点的推广模式。研究表明，生态型和分布式污水处理技术在农村地区具有显著优势，能够有效降低运行成本并实现资源化利用。此外，政策支持、公众参与和技术培训是推动技术落地的关键因素。本研究的主要创新点在于构建了综合考虑技术、经济和社会因素的评估体系，并提出了一套可操作性强的推广路径，为农村生活污水处理提供了理论依据和实践指导，对改善农村生态环境和促进可持续发展具有重要意义。
关键词：农村生活污水；生态型污水处理技术；分布式处理；技术推广策略；可持续发展
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of rural economies in China, the discharge of domestic wastewater in rural areas has been continuously increasing, becoming one of the significant sources of environmental pollution. However, conventional wastewater treatment technologies face challenges such as high costs and difficulties in maintenance when applied in rural regions, making it hard to meet practical needs. This study aims to explore wastewater treatment technologies suitable for rural areas and their promotion strategies to address existing issues in rural wastewater management. By integrating literature reviews with field investigations, the applicability of various types of wastewater treatment technologies was analyzed. Considering the natural conditions, economic levels, and social demands of rural areas, a targeted technical selection fr amework was proposed. Meanwhile, based on case studies, successful experiences were summarized, and promotion models adapted to the characteristics of different regions were extracted. The research indicates that ecological and decentralized wastewater treatment technologies possess significant advantages in rural settings, effectively reducing operational costs while enabling resource recovery. Additionally, policy support, public participation, and technical training are identified as critical factors in facilitating the implementation of these technologies. A key innovation of this study lies in the construction of an evaluation system that comprehensively considers technical, economic, and social factors, along with the proposal of a highly operational promotion pathway. This provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for rural domestic wastewater treatment, playing an important role in improving rural ecological environments and promoting sustainable development.
Keywords：Rural Domestic Sewage; Ecological Wastewater Treatment Technology; Distributed Treatment; Technology Promotion Strategy; Sustainable Development
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 农村生活污水处理的研究背景 1
(二) 技术适用性与推广的意义分析 1
(三) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(四) 本文研究方法与结构安排 2
二、农村生活污水处理技术的适用性分析 2
(一) 农村污水特性与处理需求 2
(二) 不同技术的适用条件评估 3
(三) 成本效益与环境影响评价 3
三、农村生活污水处理技术的推广障碍研究 4
(一) 技术推广中的经济因素分析 4
(二) 政策支持与制度保障不足 4
(三) 农民参与度与意识水平调查 5
四、农村生活污水处理技术的推广策略设计 5
(一) 基于区域特点的技术选择策略 5
(二) 政府与社会资本合作模式探讨 6
(三) 提升农民参与积极性的路径 6
结 论 8
参考文献 9
