摘 要
随着物联网技术的快速发展，智能家居设备日益普及，其安全性问题成为研究热点。由于智能终端普遍计算能力有限且通信资源受限，传统加密协议难以直接应用。为此，本文设计了一种面向智能家居环境的轻量级加密协议，旨在兼顾安全性与系统性能。该协议基于改进型ECC（椭圆曲线密码学）算法，结合动态身份认证机制，在保证抗攻击能力的同时降低运算开销。实验部分选取典型智能家居场景，通过NS-3仿真平台对协议的安全性、时延、吞吐量及能耗等关键指标进行评估，并与现有主流协议LEA、TinyECC进行对比分析。结果表明，所提协议在加解密速度上提升约28.6%，内存占用减少19.4%，同时具备抵御重放攻击和中间人攻击的能力。本研究的主要创新在于提出了一种自适应密钥协商机制，可根据设备能力动态调整安全强度，从而实现灵活部署。综上，该协议为构建高效、安全的智能家居系统提供了可行的技术方案。
关键词：轻量级加密协议；智能家居安全；改进型ECC算法；动态身份认证；自适应密钥协商机制
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Lightweight Encryption Protocol for Smart Home Applications
Abstract: With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, smart home devices have become increasingly prevalent, making their security issues a focal point of research. Due to the limited computational capabilities and constrained communication resources commonly found in smart terminals, traditional encryption protocols are difficult to apply directly. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a lightweight encryption protocol tailored for smart home environments, aiming to balance security and system performance. The protocol is built upon a modified Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm combined with a dynamic authentication mechanism, effectively reducing computational overhead while maintaining resistance to attacks. In the experimental phase, typical smart home scenarios are selected, and the NS-3 simulation platform is employed to evaluate key performance indicators including security, latency, throughput, and energy consumption, with comparative analysis against existing mainstream protocols LEA and TinyECC. Results demonstrate that the proposed protocol improves encryption and decryption speed by approximately 28.6%, reduces memory usage by 19.4%, and is capable of resisting replay and man-in-the-middle attacks. The primary innovation of this study lies in the introduction of an adaptive key negotiation mechanism, which dynamically adjusts security strength according to device capabilities, thereby enabling flexible deployment. Overall, the proposed protocol provides a feasible technical solution for building efficient and secure smart home systems.
Keywords: Lightweight Encryption Protocol; Smart Home Security; Improved ECC Algorithm; Dynamic Identity Authentication; Adaptive Key Agreement Mechanism
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与现实意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状分析 1
1.3研究内容与技术路线 1
2智能家居系统安全需求分析 2
2.1智能家居典型应用场景 2
2.2安全威胁与攻击模型 2
2.3资源受限设备的加密挑战 3
2.4加密协议设计目标设定 3
3轻量级加密协议设计方案 3
3.1协议架构与通信流程设计 3
3.2密钥协商与身份认证机制 4
3.3对称加密与消息完整性保障 4
3.4面向低功耗设备的优化策略 5
4加密协议性能评估与分析 5
4.1实验环境与评估指标设定 5
4.2计算开销与通信效率测试 6
4.3安全强度与抗攻击能力验证 6
4.4与其他协议的综合对比分析 6
结论 2
参考文献 3
致 谢 4
