摘 要
高寒地区冻土路基稳定性问题一直是制约寒区交通基础设施建设与运营的关键技术难题。由于全球气候变暖及人类工程活动的影响，冻土区域的热稳定性受到显著干扰，导致路基融沉、变形、开裂等病害频发，严重影响道路使用寿命与行车安全。本研究以青藏高原典型高寒冻土区为对象，系统分析了冻土路基在气候变化和工程扰动下的响应机制，旨在提出适用于高寒地区的冻土路基稳定性评价方法与处理技术。研究综合运用现场监测、室内试验、数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法，构建了考虑地温变化、水分迁移与应力应变耦合作用的三维热力耦合模型，并对不同工程措施下路基稳定性进行了动态模拟与评估。研究结果表明，保温材料覆盖、热棒冷却与排水加固等综合措施可有效调控冻土上限变化，提升路基承载能力。本研究创新性地提出了基于多因素耦合的冻土路基稳定性评价指标体系，并验证了主动冷却与被动防护相结合的工程技术方案在高寒地区的适用性与长效性，为我国乃至全球寒区交通工程建设提供了重要的理论支撑与实践指导。
关键词：高寒地区；冻土路基稳定性；热力耦合模型；工程扰动；气候变化
ABSTRACT
The stability of permafrost subgrade in alpine regions has long been a critical technical challenge constraining the construction and operation of transportation infrastructure in cold regions. Under the combined influence of global climate warming and human engineering activities, the thermal stability of permafrost areas has been significantly disturbed, leading to frequent occurrences of subgrade problems such as thaw settlement, deformation, and cracking, which seriously affect road service life and traffic safety. Focusing on typical alpine permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this study systematically analyzed the response mechanisms of permafrost subgrade under climate change and engineering disturbances, aiming to develop a stability evaluation method and treatment technology suitable for permafrost subgrade in alpine regions. By integrating field monitoring, laboratory experiments, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, a three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled model was established that accounts for ground temperature variation, moisture migration, and stress-strain interactions, enabling dynamic simulation and assessment of subgrade stability under various engineering measures. Results indicate that comprehensive measures including insulation material coverage, thermosyphon cooling, and drainage reinforcement can effectively regulate the changes in the permafrost table and enhance the load-bearing capacity of the subgrade. This study innovatively proposed a stability evaluation index system for permafrost subgrade based on multi-factor coupling and verified the applicability and long-term effectiveness of an engineering approach combining active cooling with passive protection in alpine regions, providing important theoretical support and practical guidance for transportation infrastructure development in cold regions across China and globally.
Keywords: High-Altitude Permafrost Regions; Frost Heave Stability Of Roadbed; Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Model; Engineering Disturbance; Climate Change
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究的背景和意义 2
1.2 研究现状 2
1.3 研究方法 3
第2章 高寒地区冻土路基工程地质特征分析 4
2.1 高寒地区气候与冻土分布特征 4
2.2 冻土物理力学性质及其变化规律 4
2.3 冻融循环对路基结构的影响机制 5
2.4 路基冻胀与融沉变形特征分析 5
第3章 高寒地区冻土路基稳定性影响因素研究 7
3.1 地温变化对路基稳定性的控制作用 7
3.2 水分迁移与相变过程对路基稳定性的影响 7
3.3 外部荷载作用下冻土路基响应特性 8
3.4 工程活动对冻土环境的扰动效应 8
第4章 高寒地区冻土路基稳定性处理技术探讨 10
4.1 主动冷却技术在冻土路基中的应用 10
4.2 排水与隔水措施对路基稳定性的作用 10
4.3 加固材料与结构设计优化策略 11
4.4 生态恢复与环境保护协同治理路径 11
结论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
