摘 要
随着全球气候变化问题日益严峻，建筑行业作为碳排放的重要来源亟需开展低碳转型研究。该文以绿色建筑为对象，基于全生命周期评估（LCA）方法，系统分析其在材料生产、施工、运营及拆除各阶段的碳足迹分布特征，并提出相应的优化策略。研究旨在构建科学合理的碳足迹评估体系，识别关键排放节点，探索适用于不同气候区和建筑类型的低碳设计与运营模式。通过建立涵盖多因素影响的碳排放计算模型，结合案例实证与模拟分析，实现对建筑全生命周期碳排放的精细化测算与动态预测。研究结果表明，运营阶段是碳排放的主要来源，但材料选择与构造方式对隐含碳排放具有显著影响。创新性地引入动态LCA模型与参数化优化工具，提升了评估精度与决策支持能力。本研究为推动绿色建筑低碳发展提供了理论依据与实践路径，对完善建筑碳管理体系、引导政策制定和技术革新具有重要参考价值。
关键词：绿色建筑；全生命周期评估（LCA）；碳足迹；低碳设计；动态预测
ABSTRACT
With the increasing severity of global climate change, the construction industry, as a significant source of carbon emissions, urgently needs to conduct research on low-carbon transition. Focusing on green buildings, this study systematically analyzes the carbon footprint distribution characteristics across all life cycle stages—including material production, construction, operation, and demolition—based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. The research aims to establish a scientifically sound and reasonable carbon footprint assessment system, identify key emission nodes, and explore low-carbon design and operation models applicable to different climate zones and building types. By developing a carbon emission calculation model that incorporates multiple influencing factors, and combining case studies with simulation analysis, the study achieves precise measurement and dynamic prediction of the building’s full life cycle carbon emissions. Results indicate that the operational phase is the primary source of carbon emissions, although material selection and construction methods have a significant impact on embodied carbon emissions. Innovatively introducing a dynamic LCA model and parametric optimization tools enhances the accuracy and decision-support capability of the assessment. This study provides both theoretical foundations and practical pathways for promoting low-carbon development in green buildings, offering important reference value for improving building carbon management systems, guiding policy formulation, and advancing technological innovation.
Keywords: Green Building; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); Carbon Footprint; Low-carbon Design; Dynamic Prediction
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景和意义 2
1.2 研究现状 2
1.3 本文研究方法 2
第2章 全生命周期评估在绿色建筑碳足迹分析中的应用 4
2.1 建筑全生命周期碳排放阶段划分与特征分析 4
2.2 生命周期评价方法（LCA）在绿色建筑中的适用性探讨 4
2.3 数据采集与建模对碳足迹评估结果的影响 5
2.4 典型案例中碳足迹分布特征与关键影响因素识别 5
第3章 绿色建筑碳足迹优化的关键路径识别 7
3.1 材料选择对建筑碳足迹的优化潜力分析 7
3.2 施工工艺与施工阶段碳排放控制策略 7
3.3 运营阶段能耗管理与碳减排机制研究 8
3.4 拆除与回收阶段碳足迹贡献及优化空间 8
第4章 基于多目标决策的碳足迹优化模型构建 9
4.1 碳足迹优化目标与约束条件设定 9
4.2 多指标评价体系在优化模型中的构建 9
4.3 优化模型算法设计与求解方法选择 10
4.4 模型验证与敏感性分析 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
