摘 要
随着汽车工业的快速发展和交通事故频发，提升汽车被动安全性能已成为保障驾乘人员生命安全的重要课题。本研究旨在系统评估汽车被动安全性能，并提出针对性改进方法，以降低事故中的伤害风险。通过结合碰撞试验数据分析、有限元仿真建模以及优化设计方法，本文深入探讨了车身结构强度、吸能特性及约束系统对被动安全的影响机制。研究创新性地引入多目标优化算法，将车身轻量化与碰撞安全性有机结合，在保证安全性能的前提下实现了结构优化。结果表明，优化后的车身结构在正面碰撞和侧面碰撞中表现出更优的能量吸收能力和载荷分布特性，显著降低了假人模型的关键部位伤害值。此外，通过对安全气囊展开特性和座椅约束系统的协同优化，进一步提升了乘员保护效果。本研究为汽车被动安全设计提供了科学依据和技术支持，其提出的综合评估体系和改进策略具有较强的工程应用价值，可为未来车辆安全性能的提升提供重要参考。
关键词：汽车被动安全；碰撞安全性优化；多目标优化算法；车身结构轻量化；约束系统协同设计
Abstract
With the rapid development of the automotive industry and the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents, enhancing the passive safety performance of vehicles has become a critical issue in safeguarding the lives of drivers and passengers. This study aims to systematically evaluate the passive safety performance of automobiles and propose targeted improvement methods to reduce injury risks during accidents. By integrating crash test data analysis, finite element simulation modeling, and optimization design approaches, this paper thoroughly investigates the influence mechanisms of body structure strength, energy absorption characteristics, and restraint systems on passive safety. Innovatively, a multi-ob jective optimization algorithm is introduced to integrate lightweight body design with collision safety, achieving structural optimization while ensuring safety performance. The results indicate that the optimized body structure exhibits superior energy absorption capabilities and load distribution characteristics in both frontal and side collisions, significantly reducing the injury values of key areas in the dummy model. Furthermore, the collaborative optimization of airbag deployment characteristics and seat restraint systems further enhances occupant protection. This research provides scientific evidence and technical support for automotive passive safety design, and the comprehensive evaluation system and improvement strategies proposed herein possess substantial engineering application value, offering important references for future advancements in vehicle safety performance.
Keywords: Automobile Passive Safety；Collision Safety Optimization；Multi-ob jective Optimization Algorithm；Body Structure Lightweight；Restraint System Collaborative Design
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）汽车被动安全性能的研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外汽车被动安全性能评估研究现状 1
（三）本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、汽车被动安全性能评估体系构建 2
（一）被动安全性能的关键指标分析 2
（二）评估体系的设计原则与框架 3
（三）数据采集与分析方法研究 3
三、被动安全性能改进的技术路径研究 4
（一）材料优化对被动安全的影响分析 4
（二）结构设计改进的理论与实践 4
（三）新技术在被动安全中的应用探索 5
四、案例分析与改进效果验证 5
（一）实际案例中评估体系的应用 5
（二）改进措施实施后的性能对比分析 6
（三）验证结果与进一步优化方向 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
