摘 要
随着全球能源危机和环境污染问题日益严峻，电动汽车作为绿色交通的重要发展方向，其核心部件驱动电机的效率优化与热管理成为研究热点。本研究旨在通过系统分析驱动电机运行特性及其热效应，提出一种基于多物理场耦合的效率优化与热管理策略。具体而言，研究首先建立了驱动电机的动态数学模型，并结合实际工况数据对电机效率映射进行精细化分析。在此基础上，采用遗传算法与粒子群优化方法联合求解最优控制参数，以实现电机在宽工况范围内的高效运行。同时，针对电机热管理问题，设计了一种集成相变材料的主动-被动混合冷却系统，显著提升了散热性能并降低了能耗。实验结果表明，所提出的优化策略可使驱动电机平均效率提升约3.5%，最高温升降低12℃，且系统能耗减少8%以上。该研究的创新点在于将多目标优化与智能热管理技术相结合，为电动汽车驱动系统的综合性能提升提供了新思路，具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。
关键词：驱动电机效率优化；多物理场耦合；相变材料冷却；遗传算法；粒子群优化
Abstract
With the increasing severity of global energy crises and environmental pollution, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a crucial direction for green transportation development, making the efficiency optimization and thermal management of their core component, the drive motor, a research hotspot. This study aims to propose an efficiency optimization and thermal management strategy based on multiphysics coupling by systematically analyzing the operating characteristics and thermal effects of drive motors. Specifically, a dynamic mathematical model of the drive motor was established, and actual operating condition data were utilized for refined efficiency mapping analysis. On this basis, genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization methods were combined to solve for optimal control parameters, enabling highly efficient motor operation across a wide range of conditions. Simultaneously, addressing the thermal management challenge, an active-passive hybrid cooling system integrated with phase-change materials was designed, which significantly enhanced heat dissipation performance while reducing energy consumption. Experimental results indicate that the proposed optimization strategy can improve the average efficiency of the drive motor by approximately 3.5%, reduce the maximum temperature rise by 12°C, and decrease system energy consumption by over 8%. The innovation of this research lies in the integration of multi-ob jective optimization and intelligent thermal management technologies, offering new insights into enhancing the overall performance of EV drive systems and demonstrating significant theoretical and engineering application value.
Keywords: Driving Motor Efficiency Optimization；Multi-Physics Coupling；Phase Change Material Cooling；Genetic Algorithm；Particle Swarm Optimization
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）电动汽车驱动电机研究背景与意义 1
（二）驱动电机效率优化与热管理的研究现状 1
（三）本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、驱动电机效率优化理论分析 2
（一）驱动电机效率影响因素解析 2
（二）效率优化的数学建模与仿真 3
（三）不同工况下的效率优化策略 3
三、驱动电机热管理关键技术研究 4
（一）热管理系统设计原理与方法 4
（二）温度分布对电机性能的影响分析 4
（三）冷却系统优化与热平衡控制 5
四、实验验证与综合评估 5
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
