摘 要
电动汽车作为实现交通领域低碳化的重要途径，其核心部件电池的性能优化已成为研究热点。为解决电池在极端温度条件下性能下降及寿命缩短的问题，本文针对电动汽车电池热管理系统展开设计与优化研究。通过分析电池热管理系统的运行机理，提出了一种基于相变材料与主动冷却相结合的混合热管理系统方案，旨在提升系统在复杂工况下的适应性与效率。研究采用数值模拟与实验验证相结合的方法，构建了三维热仿真模型以评估不同工况下系统的热分布特性，并通过实验平台对设计方案进行测试与优化。结果表明，所提出的混合热管理系统能够有效将电池组温度波动控制在5℃以内，显著改善电池一致性并延长使用寿命。此外，该系统在能量消耗方面表现出优越的经济性，相较于传统液冷系统节能约20%。本研究的创新点在于引入相变材料动态调控机制，结合智能控制算法实现了热管理系统的自适应调节，为电动汽车电池热管理技术的发展提供了新思路。研究成果可为高性能、低成本电池热管理系统的设计提供理论支持与实践参考。
关键词：电动汽车电池；热管理系统；相变材料；混合方案；自适应调节
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are regarded as a crucial pathway to achieving low-carbon transportation, and the optimization of battery performance has become a research hotspot. To address the issues of performance degradation and lifespan reduction under extreme temperature conditions, this study focuses on the design and optimization of thermal management systems for EV batteries. By analyzing the operational principles of battery thermal management systems, a hybrid thermal management system integrating phase-change materials with active cooling is proposed, aiming to enhance adaptability and efficiency under complex operating conditions. A combination of numerical simulation and experimental validation is employed in this research; a three-dimensional thermal simulation model is constructed to evaluate the thermal distribution characteristics of the system under various operating conditions, and an experimental platform is utilized to test and optimize the design. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid thermal management system can effectively control battery pack temperature fluctuations within 5°C, significantly improving battery consistency and extending service life. Moreover, the system demonstrates superior economic performance in terms of energy consumption, achieving approximately 20% energy savings compared to traditional liquid-cooling systems. The innovation of this study lies in the introduction of a dynamic regulation mechanism based on phase-change materials, combined with intelligent control algorithms to realize adaptive adjustment of the thermal management system. This provides new insights into the development of EV battery thermal management technology. The findings offer theoretical support and practical references for the design of high-performance, cost-effective battery thermal management systems.
Keywords: Electric Vehicle Battery；Thermal Management System；Phase Change Material；Hybrid Scheme；Adaptive Adjustment
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）电动汽车电池热管理的研究背景 1
（二）热管理系统设计与优化的意义 1
（三）国内外研究现状分析 1
二、电池热管理系统基础理论 2
（一）电池热特性与温度影响 2
（二）热管理系统的功能需求 2
（三）常见热管理技术原理 3
三、热管理系统设计方法研究 3
（一）设计目标与约束条件 3
（二）系统架构设计与选型 4
（三）关键部件设计与匹配 5
四、热管理系统优化策略研究 5
（一）优化模型构建与算法选择 5
（二）温度均匀性优化策略 6
（三）能耗效率优化分析 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
