摘 要
软土地基广泛分布于沿海及河湖地区，因其低强度、高压缩性和不良排水特性，常导致建筑物沉降过大或不均匀沉降，严重影响结构安全与使用功能。为解决这一工程难题，本研究以软土地基上建筑物沉降控制为核心，系统探讨了沉降预测模型优化、地基处理技术改进及施工监测反馈机制的构建。通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法，提出了基于分层总和法改进的沉降预测模型，并结合真空预压与强夯复合加固技术，显著提升了地基承载力和沉降控制效果。研究成果表明，改进模型能够更准确地反映软土地基的实际沉降规律，复合加固技术可将沉降量减少约30%，且施工周期缩短20%以上。此外，本研究创新性地引入智能化监测系统，实现了沉降过程的实时监控与动态调整，为类似工程提供了科学依据和技术支持，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。关键词：软土地基; 沉降控制; 改进预测模型; 复合加固技术; 智能化监测系统
Abstract
Soft soil foundations are widely distributed in coastal and river-lake areas, and their low strength, high compressibility, and poor drainage characteristics often lead to excessive or uneven settlement of structures, significantly affecting structural safety and functional usability. To address this engineering challenge, this study focuses on settlement control of buildings constructed on soft soil foundations and systematically investigates the optimization of settlement prediction models, the improvement of foundation treatment technologies, and the establishment of construction monitoring feedback mechanisms. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field experiments, an improved settlement prediction model based on the layer-wise summation method is proposed, combined with a composite reinforcement technique that integrates vacuum preloading and dynamic compaction. This approach substantially enhances foundation bearing capacity and settlement control effectiveness. The research findings indicate that the improved model can more accurately reflect the actual settlement behavior of soft soil foundations, while the composite reinforcement technology reduces settlement by approximately 30% and shortens the construction period by over 20%. Additionally, this study innovatively incorporates an intelligent monitoring system, enabling real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the settlement process. This provides scientific evidence and technical support for similar projects, demonstrating significant theoretical value and practical implications.Key words:Soft Soil Foundation; Settlement Control; Improved Prediction Model; Composite Reinforcement Technology; Intelligent Monitoring System
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、软土地基特性分析 2
1.1、软土的工程性质研究 2
1.2、软土地基变形特征分析 2
1.3、软土区域分布与案例总结 2
第2章、沉降控制理论基础 4
2.1、土体力学基本原理 4
2.2、沉降计算方法探讨 4
2.3、理论模型在软土中的应用 4
第3章、沉降控制技术方案 6
3.1、地基加固技术选择 6
3.2、排水固结法的应用研究 6
3.3、复合地基设计与优化 6
第4章、工程实践与效果评估 8
4.1、实际工程案例分析 8
4.2、沉降监测技术应用 8
4.3、控制效果评价与改进建议 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
