摘 要
地下水位变化对基坑工程稳定性具有显著影响，尤其是在复杂地质条件下，其作用机制和量化评估仍是研究热点与难点。本研究以城市深基坑为对象，系统分析了地下水位波动对基坑土体应力分布、渗透压力及边坡稳定性的影响规律。通过结合现场监测数据与数值模拟方法，建立了考虑水位动态变化的基坑稳定性评价模型，并引入非线性渗流理论改进传统计算方法。研究结果表明，地下水位的快速升降会显著改变基坑周围土体的有效应力分布，进而降低整体抗剪强度，增加失稳风险。此外，创新性地提出了基于水位敏感性的基坑安全预警指标体系，可为实际工程提供更为精准的风险评估依据。该研究不仅深化了对地下水位与基坑稳定性的耦合作用机制的理解，还为复杂条件下的基坑设计与施工提供了科学指导，具有重要的理论价值和工程应用前景。关键词：地下水位变化; 基坑稳定性; 非线性渗流; 水位敏感性; 安全预警指标体系
Abstract
Groundwater level fluctuations significantly influence the stability of excavation projects, particularly under complex geological conditions, where the underlying mechanisms and quantitative assessments remain research hotspots and challenges. This study focuses on urban deep excavations, systematically analyzing the impact of groundwater level variations on stress distribution, seepage pressure, and slope stability within the soil mass surrounding the excavation. By integrating field monitoring data with numerical simulation techniques, a stability evaluation model for excavations considering dynamic water level changes was established, while nonlinear seepage theory was introduced to improve traditional calculation methods. The results indicate that rapid rises and falls in groundwater levels substantially alter the effective stress distribution in the surrounding soil, thereby reducing overall shear strength and increasing instability risks. Furthermore, an innovative early warning index system for excavation safety based on water level sensitivity was proposed, providing more accurate risk assessment criteria for practical engineering applications. This research not only deepens the understanding of the coupled interaction mechanism between groundwater levels and excavation stability but also offers scientific guidance for excavation design and construction under complex conditions, demonstrating significant theoretical value and promising engineering application prospects.Key words:Groundwater Level Change; Pit Stability; Nonlinear Seepage; Water Level Sensitivity; Safety Early Warning Index System
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、地下水位变化的机理分析 2
1.1、地下水位动态特性 2
1.2、水位变化的影响因素 2
1.3、水位波动对土体的作用 2
第2章、基坑稳定性理论基础 4
2.1、基坑支护结构受力分析 4
2.2、土体力学参数变化规律 4
2.3、稳定性评价方法概述 4
第3章、水位变化对基坑稳定性的影响机制 6
3.1、渗流作用下的应力分布 6
3.2、土体抗剪强度的变化特征 6
3.3、不同工况下的稳定性分析 7
第4章、实际工程中的影响评估与对策 8
4.1、工程案例分析与验证 8
4.2、控制地下水位的技术措施 8
4.3、稳定性优化设计建议 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
