摘 要
随着全球能源危机和环境污染问题日益严峻，氢燃料电池汽车因其高效、清洁的特点成为未来交通领域的重要发展方向。然而，加氢设施的建设和安全技术仍是制约其规模化应用的关键瓶颈。本研究旨在系统分析氢燃料电池汽车加氢设施的技术需求与安全挑战，并提出优化方案。通过文献调研、实验验证及数值模拟相结合的方法，研究了高压储氢设备的材料特性、加氢站布局规划以及应急处置策略。结果表明，采用轻量化复合材料可显著提升储氢罐的安全性能，而基于地理信息系统的加氢站选址模型能够有效降低建设成本并提高使用效率。此外，本研究提出的多级泄压与实时监测系统在实际应用中表现出优异的可靠性。这些创新性成果为加氢设施的设计与运行提供了重要参考，也为推动氢燃料电池汽车的商业化进程奠定了坚实基础。
关键词：氢燃料电池汽车；加氢设施；轻量化复合材料
Abstract
As global energy crises and environmental pollution become increasingly severe, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), characterized by their high efficiency and cleanliness, have emerged as a crucial direction for the future of transportation. However, the construction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure and associated safety technologies remain key bottlenecks limiting their large-scale application. This study aims to systematically analyze the technical requirements and safety challenges of hydrogen refueling facilities for HFCVs and proposes optimization strategies. By integrating literature reviews, experimental validations, and numerical simulations, this research investigates the material properties of high-pressure hydrogen storage equipment, the layout planning of hydrogen refueling stations, and emergency response strategies. The results indicate that the adoption of lightweight composite materials can significantly enhance the safety performance of hydrogen storage tanks, while a geospatial information system-based model for refueling station siting can effectively reduce construction costs and improve operational efficiency. Furthermore, the multi-stage pressure relief and real-time monitoring system proposed in this study demonstrates excellent reliability in practical applications. These innovative findings provide critical references for the design and operation of hydrogen refueling infrastructure and lay a solid foundation for advancing the commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
Keywords: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle；Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure；Lightweight Composite Materials
目 录
引言 1
一、氢燃料电池汽车加氢设施概述 1
（一）加氢设施的基本构成 1
（二）加氢技术的发展现状 2
（三）加氢设施的分类与特点 2
二、加氢设施的关键技术研究 3
（一）高压储氢技术分析 3
（二）快速加氢技术优化 3
（三）氢气压缩技术改进 3
三、加氢设施的安全技术研究 4
（一）氢气泄漏检测技术 4
（二）火灾与爆炸防护措施 4
（三）安全监控系统设计 5
四、加氢设施的运行与管理研究 5
（一）运行模式与效率提升 5
（二）标准化管理体系构建 6
（三）经济性与环境效益评估 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
