摘 要
催化裂化是石油炼制过程中重要的二次加工技术，其核心在于催化剂的高效利用。然而，积炭现象作为影响催化剂活性与选择性的关键问题，一直是制约催化裂化工艺优化的核心挑战。本研究以提升催化剂抗积炭性能为目标，通过设计新型催化剂结构并结合先进的表征手段，深入探讨了积炭形成机制及其抑制策略。研究采用硅铝比可控的分子筛为载体，引入金属助剂改性，并通过程序升温脱附、X射线光电子能谱及透射电子显微镜等技术对催化剂表面性质和积炭分布进行系统分析。实验结果表明，通过优化硅铝比和金属助剂负载量，可显著降低催化剂表面酸强度集中度，从而减少大分子烃类的缩合反应，有效延缓积炭生成速率。此外，研究发现金属助剂的引入不仅促进了积炭的热解转化，还改善了催化剂的水热稳定性，使其在高温条件下仍能保持较高活性。基于上述结果，本研究提出了一种兼具高抗积炭性能和长寿命的催化裂化催化剂设计方案，为工业应用提供了理论支持和技术指导。该研究的创新点在于揭示了积炭生成的动力学规律，并通过调控催化剂微观结构实现了积炭的有效抑制，为推动催化裂化工艺的绿色化和高效化发展奠定了基础。关键词：催化裂化；积炭抑制；硅铝比优化；金属助剂改性；水热稳定性
Abstract
Catalytic cracking is a crucial secondary processing technology in petroleum refining, with the core focus on the efficient utilization of catalysts. However, coke deposition remains a key issue affecting catalyst activity and selectivity, posing a significant challenge to the optimization of catalytic cracking processes. This study aims to enhance the coke-resistance performance of catalysts by designing novel catalyst structures and employing advanced characterization techniques to investigate the mechanisms of coke formation and its suppression strategies. A zeolite with controllable silica-alumina ratio was used as the support, modified with me tal promoters, and systematically analyzed using techniques such as temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the surface properties of the catalysts and the distribution of coke. The experimental results demonstrate that optimizing the silica-alumina ratio and the loading amount of me tal promoters can significantly reduce the concentration of surface acid sites, thereby decreasing the condensation reactions of large hydrocarbon molecules and effectively slowing the coke formation rate. Additionally, it was found that the introduction of me tal promoters not only promotes the pyrolytic conversion of coke but also enhances the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst, allowing it to maintain high activity under high-temperature conditions. Based on these findings, this study proposes a design scheme for a catalytic cracking catalyst with both high coke-resistance and extended service life, providing theoretical support and technical guidance for industrial applications. The innovation of this research lies in revealing the kinetic patterns of coke formation and achieving effective coke suppression through the regulation of the catalyst's microstructure, thus laying a foundation for promoting the greener and more efficient development of catalytic cracking processes..
Key Words：Catalytic Cracking；Coke Suppression；Silica-Alumina Ratio Optimization；me tal Additive Modification；Hydrothermal Stability
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 催化裂化与抗积炭性能的研究背景 1
1.2 抗积炭性能研究的理论与实践意义 1
1.3 国内外抗积炭性能研究现状分析 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 催化剂积炭机理分析 3
2.1 积炭形成的主要影响因素 3
2.2 积炭对催化裂化过程的影响 3
2.3 不同催化剂的积炭行为特征 4
2.4 积炭生成的动力学模型构建 4
2.5 积炭机理研究的关键科学问题 5
第3章 抗积炭性能优化策略研究 6
3.1 催化剂表面改性技术探讨 6
3.2 添加助剂对积炭抑制的作用机制 6
3.3 新型抗积炭催化剂的设计与开发 7
3.4 工艺条件对抗积炭性能的影响分析 7
3.5 抗积炭性能优化的实验验证 8
第4章 抗积炭性能评价体系构建 9
4.1 抗积炭性能评价指标的选择与定义 9
4.2 实验表征方法在评价中的应用 9
4.3 数据分析方法与结果可靠性评估 10
4.4 抗积炭性能评价体系的实际应用案例 10
4.5 评价体系的改进方向与未来展望 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
