福利经济学视角下的社会保障政策优化 -经济学专业

摘要

随着社会经济的快速发展和人口结构的深刻变化，社会保障体系在促进社会公平与经济发展中的作用日益凸显，然而现有政策在覆盖范围、资源分配效率及可持续性等方面仍面临诸多挑战。本研究基于福利经济学理论框架，旨在探讨如何通过优化社会保障政策设计以实现更高水平的社会福利最大化。研究采用规范分析与实证研究相结合的方法，首先构建了包含收入再分配、风险分担和社会稳定等多维目标的理论模型，随后利用中国家庭追踪调查数据对不同政策工具的效果进行量化评估。结果表明，当前社会保障体系存在显著的区域差异和群体间不公平现象，而通过引入动态调整机制和精准化政策设计，能够有效提升资源配置效率并缓解不平等问题。本研究的创新点在于将福利经济学的核心理念融入政策优化的具体实践，并提出了基于个体异质性的差异化保障策略。这一研究成果不仅为完善我国社会保障制度提供了理论支持，也为全球范围内类似经济体的政策改革提供了有益参考。

关键词：社会保障政策福利经济学资源配置效率

Abstract

With the rapid development of socioeconomics and profound changes in population structure, the role of the social security system in promoting social equity and economic development has become increasingly prominent. However, existing policies still face numerous challenges in terms of coverage, resource allocation efficiency, and sustainability. Grounded in the theoretical fr amework of welfare economics, this study aims to explore how to optimize the design of social security policies to achieve a higher level of social welfare maximization. By combining normative analysis with empirical research, the study first constructs a theoretical model that incorporates multidimensional ob jectives such as income redistribution, risk sharing, and social stability. Subsequently, it quantitatively evaluates the effects of different policy instruments using data from the China Family Panel Studies. The results indicate significant regional disparities and intergroup inequities within the current social security system. It is demonstrated that introducing dynamic adjustment mechanisms and precision-oriented policy designs can effectively enhance the efficiency of resource allocation and alleviate inequality issues. The innovation of this study lies in integrating the core concepts of welfare economics into specific practices of policy optimization and proposing differentiated protection strategies based on individual heterogeneity. This research not only provides theoretical support for improving China's social security system but also offers valuable references for policy reforms in similar economies worldwide.

Keyword:Social Security Policy Welfare Economics Resource Allocation Efficiency

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状综述 1

1.3研究方法与理论框架 1

2福利经济学基础与政策优化理论 2

2.1福利经济学的核心概念解析 2

2.2社会保障政策的福利经济学逻辑 2

2.3政策优化的理论依据与目标 3

3社会保障政策的福利效应分析 3

3.1政策实施对社会福利的影响评估 2

3.2不同群体间的福利分配公平性探讨 2