政府干预对市场资源配置效率的影响 -经济学专业

摘要

政府干预对市场资源配置效率的影响是经济学研究中的重要议题。本文基于新制度经济学理论框架，结合中国市场化改革进程的特殊背景，探讨了政府干预在不同经济环境下的作用机制及其对资源配置效率的影响。研究采用2000年至2020年中国省级面板数据，运用固定效应模型与工具变量法，控制内生性问题，系统分析了政府干预程度、方式及结构对市场资源配置效率的具体影响。结果显示，适度的政府干预能够弥补市场失灵，促进资源优化配置；然而，过度干预则可能扭曲价格信号，降低整体经济效率。进一步研究表明，政府干预的效果具有显著的区域异质性，东部地区由于市场化程度较高，政府干预的正面作用更为突出，而中西部地区则因市场基础薄弱，政府干预的负面影响相对较大。本文创新性地引入了政府干预的多维度测度方法，并区分了不同类型干预的差异化效果，为理解政府与市场关系提供了新的视角。

关键词：政府干预资源配置效率市场化改革

Abstract

The impact of government intervention on market resource allocation efficiency is a critical issue in economic research. Based on the theoretical fr amework of New Institutional Economics and incorporating the unique context of China's market-oriented reform process, this study investigates the mechanisms of government intervention under different economic environments and its effects on resource allocation efficiency. Using provincial panel data from China between 2000 and 2020, the study employs fixed-effects models and instrumental variable approaches to address endogeneity issues, systematically analyzing the specific influences of the extent, methods, and structure of government intervention on market resource allocation efficiency. The results indicate that moderate government intervention can compensate for market failures and promote optimal resource allocation, whereas excessive intervention may distort price signals and reduce overall economic efficiency. Further analysis reveals significant regional heterogeneity in the effects of government intervention, with more pronounced positive impacts observed in eastern regions due to their higher levels of marketization, and relatively greater negative effects in central and western regions owing to weaker market foundations. This paper innovatively introduces a multi-dimensional measurement approach for government intervention and distinguishes the differentiated impacts of various types of intervention, offering new insights into the relationship between government and markets.

Keyword:Government Intervention Resource Allocation Efficiency Market-Oriented Reform

1绪论 1

1.1政府干预与市场资源配置的研究背景 1

1.2国内外研究现状分析 1

1.3研究方法与技术路线 1

2政府干预的理论基础与作用机制 2

2.1政府干预的经济学理论基础 2

2.2政府干预对市场失灵的矫正作用 2

2.3政府干预的作用边界与局限性 3

3政府干预对资源配置效率的影响路径 3

3.1干预方式对资源分配的影响 3

3.2政策工具对市场效率的作用机制 4