摘要
随着信息技术的迅猛发展，软件开发面临着日益复杂的项目需求和快速变化的市场环境，传统开发方法逐渐暴露出响应性差、灵活性不足等问题。本研究聚焦于Scrum、极限编程（XP）、精益软件开发等主流敏捷开发方法，系统比较其理论基础、实践框架、适用场景及优缺点。深入剖析不同敏捷方法在团队协作、需求管理、风险管理等方面的具体表现。研究发现，Scrum强调以冲刺为周期的迭代开发，适合中小型项目；XP注重编码实践和技术优化，在技术密集型项目中优势明显；精益软件开发则从价值流角度出发，适用于追求高效资源利用的大型复杂项目。本研究创新性地构建了敏捷开发方法选择模型，综合考虑项目规模、团队结构、业务特性等因素，为企业提供科学合理的敏捷方法选型依据，为软件工程领域提供了重要的理论参考与实践指导，推动了敏捷开发理论体系的完善与发展。
关键词：敏捷开发；Scrum；极限编程；精益软件开发；项目管理
Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, software development is faced with increasingly complex project requirements and rapidly changing market environment, and traditional development methods are gradually exposed to poor responsiveness, flexibility and other problems. This study focuses on Scrum, Extreme programming (XP), lean software development and other mainstream agile development methods, and systematically compares their theoretical basis, practical fr amework, applicable scenarios, advantages and disadvantages. In-depth analysis of different agile methods in team collaboration, demand management, risk management and other aspects of the specific performance. It is found that Scrum emphasizes the iterative development with sprint cycle, which is suitable for small and medium-sized projects. XP focuses on coding practice and technical optimization, which has obvious advantages in technology-intensive projects. Lean software development, from the perspective of value stream, is suitable for large complex projects that pursue efficient resource utilization. This study innovatively constructs the agile development method selection model, comprehensively considers project scale, team structure, business characteristics and other factors, provides scientific and reasonable agile method selection basis for enterprises, provides important theoretical reference and practical guidance for the field of software engineering, and promotes the improvement and development of the agile development theoretical system.
Keywords：Agile Development; Scrum; Extreme Programming; Lean Software Development; Project Management
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
二、敏捷开发方法的理论基础 2
(一) 敏捷宣言与原则 2
(二) 主要敏捷框架介绍 3
(三) 敏捷方法的核心理念 3
三、 不同敏捷方法的特性比较 4
（一） Scrum方法的特点分析 4
（二） Kanban方法的独特之处 5
四、敏捷方法的应用场景对比 6
(一) 小型项目中的应用 6
(二) 大型项目中的应用 7
(三) 混合项目的适应性 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
