新型锂离子电池电解质的合成与性能研究
摘要
锂离子电池作为现代电子设备和新能源汽车的核心储能部件，其性能提升依赖于电解质材料的创新。本研究聚焦新型锂离子电池电解质的合成与性能优化，旨在开发具有高安全性、宽温度适应性和优异电化学稳定性的电解质体系。通过引入功能性添加剂和设计新型聚合物基体，采用溶液聚合法合成了基于聚环氧乙烷(PEO)的复合固态电解质膜，并添加LiTFSI盐及纳米SiO₂颗粒以增强离子导电率和机械强度。实验结果表明，在室温条件下该电解质表现出0.1×10⁻³ S/cm以上的离子电导率，且在-20℃至80℃范围内保持良好的电化学稳定性。此外，该电解质有效抑制了锂枝晶生长，显著提高了电池循环寿命。与传统液态电解质相比，所制备的固态电解质展现出更优的安全特性，解决了传统液态电解质易燃易挥发的问题。本研究不仅为高性能锂离子电池提供了新的电解质选择，还为后续相关研究奠定了理论基础，对推动新能源领域发展具有重要意义。
关键词：聚环氧乙烷复合膜；离子电导率；电化学稳定性；锂枝晶抑制
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries, as the core energy storage components of modern electronic devices and new energy vehicles, rely on innovations in electrolyte materials for performance enhancement. This study focuses on the synthesis and performance optimization of novel lithium-ion battery electrolytes, aiming to develop electrolyte systems with high safety, wide temperature adaptability, and excellent electrochemical stability. By introducing functional additives and designing new polymer matrices, solution polymerization was employed to synthesize composite solid-state electrolyte membranes based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), incorporating LiTFSI salt and nano-SiO₂ particles to enhance ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. Experimental results indicate that this electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity exceeding 0.1×10⁻³ S/cm at room temperature and maintains good electrochemical stability within the range of -20°C to 80°C. Additionally, the electrolyte effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth, significantly improving battery cycle life. Compared to traditional liquid electrolytes, the prepared solid-state electrolyte demonstrates superior safety characteristics, addressing issues of flammability and volatility associated with conventional liquid electrolytes. This research not only provides a new electrolyte option for high-performance lithium-ion batteries but also lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent related studies, playing a significant role in advancing the development of the new energy sector.
Keywords：Polyethylene Oxide Composite Membrane; Ionic Conductivity; Electrochemical Stability; Lithium Dendrite Suppression
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 新型锂离子电池电解质研究背景 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、新型电解质的合成工艺 2
(一) 合成原料的选择与预处理 2
(二) 电解质合成反应条件优化 3
(三) 合成过程中的关键控制点 3
三、电解质性能表征分析 4
(一) 热稳定性测试与评价 4
(二) 电化学性能测试方法 5
(三) 界面相容性研究分析 6
四、电解质应用性能评估 6
(一) 实际工况下的性能表现 6
(二) 循环寿命与安全性能 7
(三) 性能改进方向探讨 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
摘要
锂离子电池作为现代电子设备和新能源汽车的核心储能部件，其性能提升依赖于电解质材料的创新。本研究聚焦新型锂离子电池电解质的合成与性能优化，旨在开发具有高安全性、宽温度适应性和优异电化学稳定性的电解质体系。通过引入功能性添加剂和设计新型聚合物基体，采用溶液聚合法合成了基于聚环氧乙烷(PEO)的复合固态电解质膜，并添加LiTFSI盐及纳米SiO₂颗粒以增强离子导电率和机械强度。实验结果表明，在室温条件下该电解质表现出0.1×10⁻³ S/cm以上的离子电导率，且在-20℃至80℃范围内保持良好的电化学稳定性。此外，该电解质有效抑制了锂枝晶生长，显著提高了电池循环寿命。与传统液态电解质相比，所制备的固态电解质展现出更优的安全特性，解决了传统液态电解质易燃易挥发的问题。本研究不仅为高性能锂离子电池提供了新的电解质选择，还为后续相关研究奠定了理论基础，对推动新能源领域发展具有重要意义。
关键词：聚环氧乙烷复合膜；离子电导率；电化学稳定性；锂枝晶抑制
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries, as the core energy storage components of modern electronic devices and new energy vehicles, rely on innovations in electrolyte materials for performance enhancement. This study focuses on the synthesis and performance optimization of novel lithium-ion battery electrolytes, aiming to develop electrolyte systems with high safety, wide temperature adaptability, and excellent electrochemical stability. By introducing functional additives and designing new polymer matrices, solution polymerization was employed to synthesize composite solid-state electrolyte membranes based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), incorporating LiTFSI salt and nano-SiO₂ particles to enhance ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. Experimental results indicate that this electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity exceeding 0.1×10⁻³ S/cm at room temperature and maintains good electrochemical stability within the range of -20°C to 80°C. Additionally, the electrolyte effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth, significantly improving battery cycle life. Compared to traditional liquid electrolytes, the prepared solid-state electrolyte demonstrates superior safety characteristics, addressing issues of flammability and volatility associated with conventional liquid electrolytes. This research not only provides a new electrolyte option for high-performance lithium-ion batteries but also lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent related studies, playing a significant role in advancing the development of the new energy sector.
Keywords：Polyethylene Oxide Composite Membrane; Ionic Conductivity; Electrochemical Stability; Lithium Dendrite Suppression
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 新型锂离子电池电解质研究背景 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、新型电解质的合成工艺 2
(一) 合成原料的选择与预处理 2
(二) 电解质合成反应条件优化 3
(三) 合成过程中的关键控制点 3
三、电解质性能表征分析 4
(一) 热稳定性测试与评价 4
(二) 电化学性能测试方法 5
(三) 界面相容性研究分析 6
四、电解质应用性能评估 6
(一) 实际工况下的性能表现 6
(二) 循环寿命与安全性能 7
(三) 性能改进方向探讨 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
