农田土壤污染修复与治理技术研究
摘 要
农田土壤污染已成为制约农业可持续发展的重要因素，本研究旨在探讨有效的农田土壤污染修复与治理技术。基于此，选取典型污染农田为研究对象，综合运用物理、化学及生物修复方法，通过实地采样分析、实验室模拟实验以及长期定位监测等手段开展系统研究。结果表明，联合修复技术能显著提高土壤中污染物去除率，其中植物-微生物联合修复体系对重金属镉的固定化效果尤为突出，可降低其生物有效性达70%以上。创新性地提出了一种基于本地优势植物与功能菌群构建的生态修复模式，该模式不仅能够有效改善土壤理化性质，还能促进农作物生长，实现环境效益与经济效益双赢。研究表明，针对不同类型污染土壤，应因地制宜选择适宜的修复策略，以确保修复效果并减少二次污染风险，为我国农田土壤污染防治提供了科学依据和技术支持。
关键词：农田土壤污染修复；联合修复技术；植物-微生物体系
RESEARCH ON THE REMEDIATION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY OF FARMLAND SOIL POLLUTION
ABSTRACT
Farmland soil pollution has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. This study aims to explore the effective farmland soil pollution remediation and treatment technology. Based on this, the typical polluted farmland was selected as the research ob ject, and the physical, chemical and bioremediation methods were comprehensively used to carry out systematic research carried out by means of field sampling analysis, laboratory simulation experiment and long-term positioning monitoring. The results show that the combined remediation technology can significantly improve the removal rate of pollutants in the soil, especially the immobilization effect of the plant-microorganism combined remediation system on the heavy me tal cadmium, which can reduce its biological effectiveness by more than 70%. An ecological restoration model based on local dominant plants and functional flora is innovatively proposed. This model can not only effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, but also promote the growth of crops and achieve win-win results of environmental and economic benefits. The research shows that for different types of contaminated soil, appropriate remediation strategies should be selected according to local conditions to ensure the remediation effect and reduce the risk of secondary pollution, which provides scientific basis and technical support for the prevention and control of farmland soil pollution in China.
KEY WORDS：Farmland soil pollution remediation; combined remediation technology; plant-microbial system
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 农田土壤污染特征分析 2
2.1 污染源识别与分类 2
2.2 污染物迁移转化规律 2
2.3 土壤污染程度评估方法 2
第3章 物理修复技术研究 4
3.1 固化 4
3.2 热脱附修复技术原理 4
3.3 物理分离修复效果评价 4
第4章 化学修复技术探讨 6
4.1 化学淋洗修复机制 6
4.2 土壤改良剂作用机理 6
4.3 化学氧化还原修复案例 6
第5章 生物修复技术探索 8
5.1 植物修复技术进展 8
5.2 微生物修复原理分析 8
5.3 动物修复可行性研究 8
第6章 结论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
摘 要
农田土壤污染已成为制约农业可持续发展的重要因素，本研究旨在探讨有效的农田土壤污染修复与治理技术。基于此，选取典型污染农田为研究对象，综合运用物理、化学及生物修复方法，通过实地采样分析、实验室模拟实验以及长期定位监测等手段开展系统研究。结果表明，联合修复技术能显著提高土壤中污染物去除率，其中植物-微生物联合修复体系对重金属镉的固定化效果尤为突出，可降低其生物有效性达70%以上。创新性地提出了一种基于本地优势植物与功能菌群构建的生态修复模式，该模式不仅能够有效改善土壤理化性质，还能促进农作物生长，实现环境效益与经济效益双赢。研究表明，针对不同类型污染土壤，应因地制宜选择适宜的修复策略，以确保修复效果并减少二次污染风险，为我国农田土壤污染防治提供了科学依据和技术支持。
关键词：农田土壤污染修复；联合修复技术；植物-微生物体系
RESEARCH ON THE REMEDIATION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY OF FARMLAND SOIL POLLUTION
ABSTRACT
Farmland soil pollution has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. This study aims to explore the effective farmland soil pollution remediation and treatment technology. Based on this, the typical polluted farmland was selected as the research ob ject, and the physical, chemical and bioremediation methods were comprehensively used to carry out systematic research carried out by means of field sampling analysis, laboratory simulation experiment and long-term positioning monitoring. The results show that the combined remediation technology can significantly improve the removal rate of pollutants in the soil, especially the immobilization effect of the plant-microorganism combined remediation system on the heavy me tal cadmium, which can reduce its biological effectiveness by more than 70%. An ecological restoration model based on local dominant plants and functional flora is innovatively proposed. This model can not only effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, but also promote the growth of crops and achieve win-win results of environmental and economic benefits. The research shows that for different types of contaminated soil, appropriate remediation strategies should be selected according to local conditions to ensure the remediation effect and reduce the risk of secondary pollution, which provides scientific basis and technical support for the prevention and control of farmland soil pollution in China.
KEY WORDS：Farmland soil pollution remediation; combined remediation technology; plant-microbial system
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 农田土壤污染特征分析 2
2.1 污染源识别与分类 2
2.2 污染物迁移转化规律 2
2.3 土壤污染程度评估方法 2
第3章 物理修复技术研究 4
3.1 固化 4
3.2 热脱附修复技术原理 4
3.3 物理分离修复效果评价 4
第4章 化学修复技术探讨 6
4.1 化学淋洗修复机制 6
4.2 土壤改良剂作用机理 6
4.3 化学氧化还原修复案例 6
第5章 生物修复技术探索 8
5.1 植物修复技术进展 8
5.2 微生物修复原理分析 8
5.3 动物修复可行性研究 8
第6章 结论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
