摘 要
随着全球能源转型的推进，可再生能源发电比例持续上升，但其间歇性和波动性特征给电力系统的稳定运行带来挑战。本研究旨在评估储能技术在提高可再生能源消纳能力及系统稳定性方面的作用，为优化能源结构提供理论依据。通过对锂离子电池、液流电池、压缩空气储能等主流储能技术进行综合对比分析，结合实际工程案例，构建了包含经济性、技术可行性和环境影响在内的多维度评价体系。研究结果表明，储能系统能够有效平抑功率波动，提升电能质量，其中锂离子电池因能量密度高、响应速度快而表现出显著优势；液流电池则在大规模长时储能场景下更具竞争力。此外，通过引入储能技术，可再生能源弃电率平均降低约20%，系统调峰能力增强30%以上。本研究创新性地提出了基于全生命周期的成本效益分析方法，并建立了储能与可再生能源协同优化配置模型，为相关政策制定和技术选型提供了科学参考，对促进我国乃至全球清洁能源高效利用具有重要现实意义。
关键词：储能技术 可再生能源消纳 电力系统稳定性
Abstract
As the global energy transition advances, the proportion of renewable energy generation continues to rise, yet its intermittent and fluctuating nature poses significant challenges to the stable operation of power systems. This study aims to evaluate the role of energy storage technologies in enhancing the accommodation capacity of renewable energy and system stability, providing theoretical support for optimizing the energy structure. By conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis of mainstream energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, and compressed air energy storage, combined with practical engineering cases, a multi-dimensional evaluation system encompassing economic viability, technical feasibility, and environmental impact has been established. The results indicate that energy storage systems can effectively mitigate power fluctuations and improve power quality, with lithium-ion batteries demonstrating significant advantages due to their high energy density and rapid response speed; flow batteries exhibit greater competitiveness in large-scale long-duration storage scenarios. Moreover, the introduction of energy storage technology reduces the curtailment rate of renewable energy by approximately 20% on average and enhances the system's peak load regulation capability by over 30%. This research innovatively proposes a cost-benefit analysis method based on the entire life cycle and establishes a collaborative optimization configuration model for energy storage and renewable energy, offering scientific references for policy formulation and technology selection, and holds important practical significance for promoting the efficient utilization of clean energy in China and globally.
Keyword:Energy Storage Technology Renewable Energy Accommodation Power System Stability
目 录
引言 1
1储能技术概述与分类 1
1.1储能技术的基本原理 1
1.2主要储能技术类型 2
1.3技术性能对比分析 2
2可再生能源发电特性分析 3
2.1可再生能源的间歇性 3
2.2发电功率波动特征 3
2.3并网稳定性要求 4
3储能技术在可再生能源中的应用 4
3.1提高发电稳定性 4
3.2优化电力调度管理 5
3.3改善电能质量控制 5
4储能系统经济性与环境效益 6
4.1系统成本效益分析 6
4.2环境影响评估 6
4.3社会经济效益评价 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
