摘 要
生物转化法作为一种环境友好且高效的有机物降解技术，近年来受到广泛关注。本研究聚焦于特定有机物的生物转化降解机制，旨在探索微生物在复杂有机污染物处理中的应用潜力。通过对多种典型难降解有机物进行筛选，选取了具有代表性的多环芳烃类化合物作为研究对象，构建了以白腐真菌为主的复合微生物体系，利用其分泌的胞外酶系实现对目标污染物的有效降解。实验采用摇瓶培养与生物反应器相结合的方式，系统考察了不同环境因素（pH值、温度、底物浓度等）对降解效率的影响，并通过高效液相色谱和气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术对代谢产物进行了定性定量分析。结果表明，在优化条件下，该复合体系对目标有机物的降解率可达85%以上，且未检测到明显毒性中间产物积累。创新性地引入了基因工程技术改造后的高效降解菌株，显著提高了降解速率和广谱性。本研究不仅为难降解有机污染物的生物修复提供了新思路，也为开发新型环保型处理工艺奠定了理论基础，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。
关键词：生物转化 多环芳烃 白腐真菌
Abstract
Biological transformation, as an environmentally friendly and efficient technology for organic compound degradation, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study focuses on the biotransformation degradation mechanisms of specific organic compounds, aiming to explore the potential application of microorganisms in treating complex organic pollutants. By screening various typical recalcitrant organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected as representative substrates. A composite microbial system dominated by white-rot fungi was constructed, utilizing their extracellular enzyme systems to achieve effective degradation of target pollutants. The experiments combined shake-flask cultivation with bioreactor approaches to systematically investigate the influence of different environmental factors (pH, temperature, substrate concentration, etc.) on degradation efficiency. me tabolites were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated that under optimized conditions, the degradation rate of target organic compounds reached over 85%, with no significant accumulation of toxic intermediates detected. Innovatively, genetically engineered strains with enhanced degradation capabilities were introduced, significantly improving both degradation rates and substrate specificity. This study not only provides new insights into the bioremediation of recalcitrant organic pollutants but also lays a theoretical foundation for developing novel eco-friendly treatment processes, highlighting its important scientific significance and practical value.
Keyword:Biological Transformation Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons White-Rot Fungi
目 录
引言 1
1生物转化法的理论基础 1
1.1生物转化的基本原理 1
1.2特定有机物的特性分析 2
1.3生物转化与有机物降解的关系 2
2生物转化法的技术体系 3
2.1微生物选择与培养条件 3
2.2酶促反应机制研究 3
2.3生物转化过程优化策略 4
3应用实例与效果评估 5
3.1典型有机物降解案例 5
3.2降解效率的影响因素 5
3.3环境因素对生物转化的影响 6
4生物转化法的前景展望 6
4.1技术创新方向探索 6
4.2工业化应用潜力分析 7
4.3生物转化法的挑战与对策 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
