摘要
随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的创新，合同订立方式呈现出多样化趋势，为适应这一变化，《中华人民共和国民法典》对合同订立方式作出新的规定。本研究旨在探讨民法典中合同订立方式的多样化及其法律效力，以期为司法实践提供理论支持并促进交易安全与效率。通过对民法典相关条款进行文本分析，结合比较法研究方法，考察不同订立方式下合同成立要件及效力认定规则。研究表明，电子合同、格式合同等新型订立方式在便捷性方面具有显著优势，但也带来意思表示真实性、公平性等问题。民法典通过确立数据电文形式的有效性、完善格式条款规制制度等方式回应上述挑战，在保障当事人意思自治的同时维护市场秩序。本研究揭示了民法典关于合同订立方式规定的进步之处，如明确沉默作为意思表示的特殊情形，丰富了传统合同法理论，为民法典实施背景下合同纠纷解决提供了新思路，对于推动我国合同法律制度现代化具有重要意义。
关键词：民法典；合同订立方式；法律效力
Abstract
With the development of the market economy and the innovation of transaction models, methods of contract formation have become increasingly diversified. To adapt to these changes, the People's Republic of China Civil Code has introduced new provisions regarding contract formation methods. This study aims to explore the diversification of contract formation methods and their legal effects under the Civil Code, thereby providing theoretical support for judicial practice and promoting transactional safety and efficiency. Through textual analysis of relevant provisions in the Civil Code and employing comparative law research methods, this study examines the elements required for contract formation and the rules for determining the validity of contracts under different formation methods. The findings indicate that new forms of contract formation, such as electronic contracts and standard form contracts, offer significant advantages in terms of convenience but also raise issues concerning the authenticity of ex pressions of intent and fairness. The Civil Code addresses these challenges by establishing the validity of data messages as a form of communication and improving regulations on standard terms, thereby safeguarding party autonomy while maintaining market order. This research reveals advancements in the Civil Code’s provisions on contract formation methods, such as recognizing silence as a special case of ex pression of intent, which enriches traditional contract law theory and provides new perspectives for resolving contract disputes under the implementation of the Civil Code. These developments are of great significance for advancing the modernization of China’s contract law system.
Keywords：Civil Code; Contract Formation Methods; Legal Effectiveness
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、合同订立方式的多样化 2
(一) 传统书面形式合同 2
(二) 口头形式合同分析 3
(三) 数据电文形式合同 3
(四) 新兴订立方式探讨 4
三、多样化订立方式的法律效力 5
(一) 法律效力认定原则 5
(二) 不同形式效力差异 5
(三) 特殊情形下的效力 6
(四) 效力争议解决机制 7
四、合同订立方式对实践的影响 7
(一) 商事交易中的应用 7
(二) 消费领域的影响分析 8
(三) 电子合同的特殊影响 9
(四) 对司法实践的挑战 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的创新，合同订立方式呈现出多样化趋势，为适应这一变化，《中华人民共和国民法典》对合同订立方式作出新的规定。本研究旨在探讨民法典中合同订立方式的多样化及其法律效力，以期为司法实践提供理论支持并促进交易安全与效率。通过对民法典相关条款进行文本分析，结合比较法研究方法，考察不同订立方式下合同成立要件及效力认定规则。研究表明，电子合同、格式合同等新型订立方式在便捷性方面具有显著优势，但也带来意思表示真实性、公平性等问题。民法典通过确立数据电文形式的有效性、完善格式条款规制制度等方式回应上述挑战，在保障当事人意思自治的同时维护市场秩序。本研究揭示了民法典关于合同订立方式规定的进步之处，如明确沉默作为意思表示的特殊情形，丰富了传统合同法理论，为民法典实施背景下合同纠纷解决提供了新思路，对于推动我国合同法律制度现代化具有重要意义。
关键词：民法典；合同订立方式；法律效力
Abstract
With the development of the market economy and the innovation of transaction models, methods of contract formation have become increasingly diversified. To adapt to these changes, the People's Republic of China Civil Code has introduced new provisions regarding contract formation methods. This study aims to explore the diversification of contract formation methods and their legal effects under the Civil Code, thereby providing theoretical support for judicial practice and promoting transactional safety and efficiency. Through textual analysis of relevant provisions in the Civil Code and employing comparative law research methods, this study examines the elements required for contract formation and the rules for determining the validity of contracts under different formation methods. The findings indicate that new forms of contract formation, such as electronic contracts and standard form contracts, offer significant advantages in terms of convenience but also raise issues concerning the authenticity of ex pressions of intent and fairness. The Civil Code addresses these challenges by establishing the validity of data messages as a form of communication and improving regulations on standard terms, thereby safeguarding party autonomy while maintaining market order. This research reveals advancements in the Civil Code’s provisions on contract formation methods, such as recognizing silence as a special case of ex pression of intent, which enriches traditional contract law theory and provides new perspectives for resolving contract disputes under the implementation of the Civil Code. These developments are of great significance for advancing the modernization of China’s contract law system.
Keywords：Civil Code; Contract Formation Methods; Legal Effectiveness
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、合同订立方式的多样化 2
(一) 传统书面形式合同 2
(二) 口头形式合同分析 3
(三) 数据电文形式合同 3
(四) 新兴订立方式探讨 4
三、多样化订立方式的法律效力 5
(一) 法律效力认定原则 5
(二) 不同形式效力差异 5
(三) 特殊情形下的效力 6
(四) 效力争议解决机制 7
四、合同订立方式对实践的影响 7
(一) 商事交易中的应用 7
(二) 消费领域的影响分析 8
(三) 电子合同的特殊影响 9
(四) 对司法实践的挑战 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
