摘 要
随着工业化进程的加速，废水处理成为环境保护的关键问题之一，传统吸附材料在处理效率、成本及环境友好性方面存在诸多局限。本研究旨在开发新型吸附材料以提升废水处理效果，通过创新合成方法制备了具有高比表面积和优异选择性的介孔二氧化硅基复合材料，该材料引入磁性纳米颗粒和功能化官能团，实现了对重金属离子和有机污染物的高效去除。采用溶胶 - 凝胶法结合共沉淀技术，在温和条件下成功制备目标材料，并系统研究了其微观结构与表面特性。实验结果表明，所制备材料对铜离子的最大吸附量达到125.6 mg/g，对亚甲基蓝染料的去除率超过98%，且可在pH 3 - 11范围内保持稳定性能。此外，该材料具备良好的再生性能，经过五次循环使用后仍能维持85%以上的吸附效率。本研究不仅为废水处理提供了高性能吸附剂的选择，还为功能性纳米复合材料的设计合成提供了新思路，推动了环境修复领域的发展，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
关键词：废水处理 介孔二氧化硅基复合材料 磁性纳米颗粒
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization, wastewater treatment has become one of the key issues in environmental protection. Traditional adsorbents have various limitations in terms of treatment efficiency, cost, and environmental friendliness. This study aims to develop novel adsorbent materials to enhance wastewater treatment performance. By employing innovative synthesis methods, mesoporous silica-based composite materials with high specific surface area and excellent selectivity were prepared. These materials incorporate magnetic nanoparticles and functionalized groups, achieving efficient removal of heavy me tal ions and organic pollutants. The target material was successfully synthesized under mild conditions using a sol-gel method combined with co-precipitation technology, and its microstructure and surface properties were systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that the maximum adsorption capacity for copper ions reached 125.6 mg/g, and the removal rate of methylene blue dye exceeded 98%, with stable performance maintained within a pH range of 3 to 11. Additionally, the material exhibits good regeneration performance, retaining over 85% adsorption efficiency after five cycles of use. This research not only provides a choice of high-performance adsorbents for wastewater treatment but also offers new insights into the design and synthesis of functional nanocomposites, promoting the development of the environmental remediation field and possessing significant theoretical and practical value.
Keyword:Wastewater Treatment Mesoporous Silica-Based Composite Materials Magnetic Nanoparticles
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与技术路线 1
2新型吸附材料的制备工艺 2
2.1制备原料的选择 2
2.2合成方法的优化 3
2.3材料结构与性能表征 3
3吸附材料在废水处理中的应用 4
3.1废水水质特性分析 4
3.2吸附过程动力学研究 4
3.3影响吸附效果的因素 5
4新型吸附材料的应用效果评估 5
4.1实际应用案例分析 6
4.2处理效率与成本比较 6
4.3环境影响与可持续性 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
