摘 要
计算机网络作为现代信息技术的重要组成部分，其拓扑结构对网络性能、可靠性及安全性有着根本性影响。本文旨在深入分析计算机网络中常见的拓扑结构类型及其特性，通过理论研究与仿真实验相结合的方法，探讨不同拓扑结构在网络传输效率、容错能力等方面的表现差异。研究选取星型、环型、总线型、树型和网状型等典型拓扑结构为对象，基于图论原理建立数学模型，利用仿真软件模拟实际网络环境下的数据传输过程，对比分析各拓扑结构在不同负载条件下的吞吐量、延迟等关键性能指标。结果表明，星型拓扑具有易于管理维护、故障定位简单的优势；环型拓扑可提供较好的冗余备份机制；总线型拓扑成本低但扩展性差；树型拓扑适合层次化网络构建；网状型拓扑则表现出优异的鲁棒性和高带宽特性。本研究创新性地引入复杂网络理论中的小世界效应和无标度特性来评估拓扑结构的健壮性，并提出一种综合评价体系用于量化比较不同拓扑结构的整体性能。
关键词：计算机网络拓扑 星型拓扑 环型拓扑
Abstract
Computer networks, as a critical component of modern information technology, fundamentally influence network performance, reliability, and security through their topological structures. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of common types of topological structures in computer networks and their characteristics, employing a combination of theoretical research and simulation experiments to explore the performance differences among various topologies in terms of transmission efficiency and fault tolerance. The research focuses on typical topologies such as star, ring, bus, tree, and mesh, establishing mathematical models based on graph theory principles and simulating data transmission processes under actual network conditions using simulation software. Comparative analysis of key performance metrics, including throughput and latency, under different load conditions reveals that star topology offers advantages in ease of management and maintenance with simple fault localization; ring topology provides better redundancy mechanisms; bus topology is cost-effective but lacks scalability; tree topology is suitable for hierarchical network construction; and mesh topology exhibits superior robustness and high bandwidth capabilities. Innovatively, this study incorporates the small-world effect and scale-free properties from complex network theory to evaluate the robustness of topological structures and proposes a comprehensive evaluation system to quantitatively compare the overall performance of different topologies.
Keyword:Computer Network Topology Star Topology Ring Topology
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1计算机网络拓扑结构研究背景 1
1.2拓扑结构分析的意义与价值 1
1.3国内外研究现状综述 1
1.4本文的研究方法与思路 2
2拓扑结构基本概念与分类 2
2.1常见拓扑结构类型概述 2
2.2各类拓扑结构特点比较 3
2.3拓扑结构选择的影响因素 3
3拓扑结构性能分析 4
3.1网络延迟与拓扑结构关系 4
3.2可靠性对拓扑结构的要求 5
3.3拓扑结构的扩展性分析 5
4拓扑结构优化策略 6
4.1拓扑结构优化的目标 6
4.2基于成本的优化方法 6
4.3面向性能的优化方案 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 2
