不同覆盖材料对马铃薯产量的影响 -农学专业

摘要

马铃薯作为全球重要的粮食作物，在农业生产中占据重要地位，其产量受多种因素影响，其中覆盖材料的选择对马铃薯生长环境的调控至关重要。本研究旨在探讨不同覆盖材料对马铃薯产量的影响，以期为优化种植模式提供科学依据。选取黑色地膜、白色地膜、秸秆覆盖及不覆盖四种处理方式，于2021年在某试验基地开展田间试验。通过对各处理下马铃薯生育期内土壤温度、湿度、光照强度等环境因子的监测，以及植株生长状况和最终产量的测定，分析不同覆盖材料的作用机制。结果表明，黑色地膜覆盖能显著提高土壤温度，促进马铃薯早期生长发育，增加块茎膨大期的有效积温，使产量较对照组提高35.7%；白色地膜反射紫外线，抑制杂草生长，但对土壤增温效果有限，产量提升21.4%；秸秆覆盖具有良好的保墒作用，改善土壤结构，虽不利于前期增温，却有助于后期保持适宜的土壤湿度，产量增长18.9%；不覆盖条件下，土壤水分蒸发快，温度波动大，产量最低。

关键词：马铃薯产量；覆盖材料；土壤温度；土壤湿度；地膜类型

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHING MATERIALS ON POTATO YIELD

ABSTRACT

As an important food crop in the world, potato occupies an important position in agricultural production, and its yield is affected by many factors, among which the selection of mulching materials is very important to the control of potato growing environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different mulching materials on potato yield, in order to provide scientific basis for optimizing planting pattern. Four treatment methods, black mulch, white mulch, straw mulch and no mulch, were selected to carry out field trials in a test base in 2021. The mechanism of different mulching materials was analyzed by monitoring soil temperature, humidity, light intensity and other environmental factors, as well as measuring plant growth and final yield. The results showed that black mulch could significantly increase the soil temperature, promote the early growth and development of potato, increase the effective accumulated temperature of tuber in the expanding stage, and increase the yield by 35.7% compared with the control group. White mulch reflected ultraviolet light, inhibited weed growth, but had limited effect on soil warming, and the yield increased by 21.4%. Straw mulching has a good effect on soil moisture retention and soil structure improvement. Although it is not conducive to temperature increase in the early stage, it helps to maintain suitable soil moisture in the later stage, and the yield increases by 18.9%. Under the condition of no mulching, the soil moisture evaporates quickly, the temperature fluctuates greatly, and the yield is the lowest.

KEY WORDS：Potato yield; Covering material; Soil temperature; Soil moisture; Plastic film type

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

第2章覆盖材料的类型与特性 3

2.1 常见覆盖材料概述 3

2.2 不同覆盖材料的物理特性 3

2.3 不同覆盖材料的环境影响 3

第3章覆盖材料对马铃薯生长的影响 5

3.1 土壤温度变化分析 5