自动化装配技术在精密仪器制造中的应用与挑战 -电气工程及其自动化专业

摘要

随着现代制造业的快速发展，精密仪器制造对装配精度和效率提出了更高要求。自动化装配技术凭借其高精度、高效性和稳定性成为解决精密仪器制造难题的关键手段。本文旨在探讨自动化装配技术在精密仪器制造中的应用现状、面临挑战及未来发展方向。通过对国内外相关文献资料的系统梳理与分析，并结合实际案例研究发现，自动化装配技术能够显著提高装配精度，降低人为误差，提升生产效率。创新性地提出基于机器视觉的智能识别与定位系统，实现了微小零件的精准装配；开发了柔性化装配生产线，适应多品种小批量生产需求。然而，在实际应用中仍存在成本高昂、技术复杂度大等问题亟待解决。研究表明，通过优化算法设计、改进传感器技术以及加强人机协作模式探索，可有效克服现有障碍。最终得出结论：自动化装配技术为精密仪器制造带来了革命性变革，但要实现更广泛应用还需进一步突破关键技术瓶颈并完善相关标准体系。

关键词：自动化装配技术精密仪器制造机器视觉

Abstract

With the rapid development of modern manufacturing, precision instrument manufacturing has placed higher demands on assembly accuracy and efficiency. Automated assembly technology, characterized by its high precision, efficiency, and stability, has become a critical solution to addressing challenges in precision instrument manufacturing. This paper aims to investigate the current application status, challenges, and future development directions of automated assembly technology in precision instrument manufacturing. Through a systematic review and analysis of relevant literature both domestically and internationally, combined with case studies, it is found that automated assembly technology can significantly enhance assembly accuracy, reduce human error, and improve production efficiency. Innovatively, a machine vision-based intelligent recognition and positioning system has been proposed, achieving precise assembly of micro components; a flexible assembly production line has also been developed to meet the needs of multi-variety small-batch production. However, issues such as high costs and significant technical complexity remain to be addressed in practical applications. Research indicates that existing obstacles can be effectively overcome through optimized algorithm design, improved sensor technology, and enhanced exploration of human-machine collaboration models. The conclusion drawn is that automated assembly technology has brought revolutionary changes to precision instrument manufacturing, yet further breakthroughs in key technologies and the perfection of related standard systems are necessary for broader application.

Keyword:Automation Assembly Technology Precision Instrument Manufacturing Machine Vision

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.3研究方法与技术路线 2

2自动化装配技术的应用基础 2

2.1精密仪器制造的特点 2

2.2自动化装配技术的原理 3

2.3关键装配工艺分析 3

3自动化装配技术在精密仪器中的应用 4

3.1光学仪器装配应用 4

3.2医疗设备装配实践 5