电力电子技术在电动汽车充电桩中的应用 -电气工程及其自动化专业

摘要

随着全球能源转型和环保要求日益严格，电动汽车产业快速发展，对高效可靠的充电设施提出了更高要求。本研究聚焦电力电子技术在电动汽车充电桩中的应用，旨在通过优化电力变换与控制策略，提升充电效率、降低成本并增强系统稳定性。通过对现有充电桩拓扑结构的分析，提出了一种基于模块化多电平变换器(MMC)的新型直流快充方案，该方案采用软开关技术和智能功率模块，实现了高达97%的转换效率。实验结果表明，所提出的MMC架构不仅有效降低了电磁干扰，还显著提高了系统的功率密度和可靠性。此外，研究引入了双向能量流动控制算法，使充电桩具备V2G（Vehicle to Grid）功能，为电网调峰提供支持。创新点在于将先进的电力电子技术与智能控制算法相结合，实现了从单向充电到双向互动的能量管理转变，为构建智能交通能源网络奠定了基础。研究成果对于推动电动汽车基础设施建设具有重要意义，为未来充电桩技术发展提供了新的思路和方向。

关键词：电动汽车充电桩模块化多电平变换器软开关技术

Abstract

With the increasing global energy transition and stricter environmental protection requirements, the electric vehicle (EV) industry is experiencing rapid development, which in turn imposes higher demands on efficient and reliable charging infrastructure. This study focuses on the application of power electronics technology in EV charging stations, aiming to enhance charging efficiency, reduce costs, and improve system stability through optimized power conversion and control strategies. By analyzing existing charging station topologies, a novel DC fast-charging solution based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC) is proposed. This solution incorporates soft-switching technology and intelligent power modules, achieving a conversion efficiency as high as 97%. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MMC architecture not only effectively reduces electromagnetic interference but also significantly increases the power density and reliability of the system. Furthermore, this research introduces a bidirectional energy flow control algorithm, enabling the charging station with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) functionality to support grid peak shaving. The innovation lies in combining advanced power electronics technology with intelligent control algorithms, facilitating a transformation from unidirectional charging to bidirectional interactive energy management, thereby laying the foundation for constructing an intelligent transportation energy network. The research findings are significant for promoting the development of EV infrastructure and provide new insights and directions for future charging station technology.

Keyword:Electric Vehicle Charging Station Modular Multilevel Converter Soft Switching Technology

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.3研究方法概述 2

2电力电子技术基础 2

2.1电动汽车充电需求分析 2

2.2关键电力电子器件选型 3

2.3充电桩拓扑结构设计 3

3充电桩功率变换技术 4

3.1直流充电桩电路设计 4

3.2交流充电桩工作原理 4