摘 要
随着全球对环境保护意识的增强以及塑料污染问题日益严峻，开发环境友好型材料成为当前研究热点之一。本研究旨在通过化学改性方法合成一种新型生物质基可降解材料，并对其物理化学性能进行优化，以期为解决传统塑料带来的环境污染问题提供新思路。实验选取玉米淀粉作为主要原料，在特定条件下加入不同比例的聚乳酸（PLA）和增塑剂甘油，采用溶液共混法制备复合材料薄膜；随后利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)等手段对其微观结构与热稳定性进行了表征分析。结果表明，当PLA质量分数为30%，甘油添加量为25%时，所制得的复合材料不仅具有良好的力学强度(拉伸强度达到18.4MPa)，而且表现出优异的生物降解性能，在土壤中60天内降解率可达75%以上。本工作创新性地提出了基于天然高分子与合成聚合物相结合的方法来改善生物质基材料性能，为未来绿色包装材料的设计提供了理论依据和技术支持。
关键词：生物质基可降解材料 玉米淀粉-聚乳酸复合材料 生物降解性能
Abstract
With the enhancement of global awareness of environmental protection and the increasingly serious problem of plastic pollution, the development of environmentally friendly materials has become one of the current research hotspots. The purpose of this study is to synthesize a new biomass-based degradable material by chemical modification method and optimize its physical and chemical properties, in order to provide new ideas for solving the environmental pollution problem caused by conventional plastics. In the experiment, corn starch was selected as the main raw material, and different proportions of polylactic acid (PLA) and plasticizer glycerin were added to prepare the composite film by solution blending, and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that when the mass fraction of PLA is 30% and the amount of glycerol is 25%, the composite material not only has good mechanical strength (tensile strength reaches 18.4MPa), but also shows excellent biodegradation rate of more than 75% in 60 days in soil. This work innovatively proposed a method to improve the properties of natural polymer based on the combination of biomass-based materials, which provided theoretical basis and technical support for the future design of green packaging materials.
Keyword:Biomass-based degradable materials Maize starch-PLA composite material Biodegradation properties
目 录
1 引言 1
2 生物质原料的选择与预处理 1
2.1 原料种类及其特性 1
2.2 预处理技术对比 2
2.3 预处理效果评价 2
3 生物质基可降解材料的合成工艺 3
3.1 合成方法概述 3
3.2 关键参数优化 4
3.3 合成过程中的挑战与对策 4
4 材料性能测试与分析 5
4.1 力学性能评估 5
4.2 降解性能研究 5
4.3 应用前景探讨 6
5 结论 6
参考文献 8
致谢 9
