花生黄曲霉毒素污染防控技术研究

花生黄曲霉毒素污染防控技术研究

摘  要
花生作为重要的油料作物，其黄曲霉毒素污染问题严重威胁食品安全与人类健康。本研究针对花生黄曲霉毒素污染防控技术展开系统研究，旨在探索高效、安全的防控策略。通过田间试验与实验室分析相结合，评估了不同种植模式、收获时机及储存条件对黄曲霉毒素污染的影响，并开发了一种基于生物防治的新型防控技术。研究发现，采用轮作制度与适时收获可显著降低田间污染风险，而优化储存环境（如控制温度与湿度）则能有效抑制毒素产生。此外，本研究首次将拮抗微生物应用于花生黄曲霉毒素的防控中，筛选出具有显著抑菌效果的菌株，并通过田间试验验证其实际应用效果。结果表明，该生物防治技术不仅能够显著降低黄曲霉毒素含量，还对花生产量与品质无负面影响。结合中国主要花生产区的实际情况，本研究提出了一套综合防控方案，包括种植管理优化、储存条件改进及生物防治技术的集成应用。该方案在山东、河南等地的示范推广中取得了显著成效，为花生黄曲霉毒素污染的防控提供了科学依据与技术支撑。

关键词：花生；黄曲霉毒素；生物防治


RESEARCH ON THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF PEANUT AFLATOXIN POLLUTION

ABSTRACT
As an important oil crop, the problem of aflatoxin pollution is a serious threat to food safety and human health. This study conducted a systematic study on the prevention and control technology of peanut aflatoxin pollution, aiming to explore efficient and safe prevention and control strategies. By combining field experiments and laboratory analysis, the effects of different planting patterns, harvest timing and storage conditions on aflatoxin contamination were evaluated, and a novel control technique based on biological control was developed. It is found that using crop rotation system and timely harvest can significantly reduce the risk of field pollution, while optimizing the storage environment (such as controlling temperature and humidity) can effectively inhibit toxin production. In addition, this study is the first time to apply antagonistic microorganisms in the prevention and control of peanut aflatoxin, screened out the strains with significant antibacterial effect, and verified their practical application effect through field tests. The results showed that the biocontrol technology could not only significantly reduce the aflatoxin content, but also had no negative effect on peanut yield and quality. Based on the actual situation of major peanut producing areas in China, this study proposed a comprehensive prevention and control scheme, which includes the optimization of planting management, the improvement of storage conditions and the integrated application of biological control technology. The scheme has achieved remarkable results in the demonstration and promotion in Shandong, Henan and other places, and provided scientific basis and technical support for the prevention and control of aflatoxin pollution in peanut.

KEY WORDS：Peanut; aflatoxin; biological control


目  录
摘  要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 花生黄曲霉毒素污染现状与危害 2
2.1 花生黄曲霉毒素的污染现状 2
2.2 黄曲霉毒素对健康的危害 2
2.3 花生黄曲霉毒素污染的经济影响 3
第3章 花生黄曲霉毒素污染的形成机制 4
3.1 黄曲霉菌的生长条件与环境因素 4
3.2 花生储存过程中的污染风险 4
3.3 农业生产环节中的污染来源 5
第4章 花生黄曲霉毒素污染的防控技术 6
4.1 物理防控技术的应用与效果 6
4.2 化学防控技术的安全性评估 6
4.3 生物防控技术的研究进展 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致  谢 10