摘 要
民事诉讼证明责任分配规则是民事诉讼法中的核心制度，其合理性与科学性直接影响司法公正与效率。随着我国法治建设的深入推进，现行证明责任分配规则在应对新型案件和复杂法律关系时逐渐显现出局限性。本研究以完善我国民事诉讼证明责任分配规则为目标，采用文献研究、比较分析和实证调查相结合的方法，系统梳理了国内外相关理论成果与立法实践。研究发现，现行规则存在举证责任主体界定不清、特殊类型案件适用标准模糊等问题，导致司法实践中出现裁判尺度不统一的现象。针对这些问题，本文创新性地提出了"类型化+动态化"的证明责任分配模式，即在坚持"谁主张谁举证"基本原则的基础上，根据案件性质、当事人举证能力等因素进行差异化处理。
关键词：民事诉讼 证明责任分配 司法公正
Abstract
The liability distribution rule of civil procedure is the core system in the civil procedure law, and its rationality and scientificity directly affect the judicial justice and efficiency. With the deepening of the construction of the rule of law in China, the current rules of proof liability distribution gradually show limitations in dealing with new cases and complex legal relations. With the aim of improving the distribution rules of proof liability in civil litigation in China, the methods of combining literature research, comparative analysis and empirical investigation of literature are used. It is found that the current rules have problems such as unclear definition of the subject of burden of proof and fuzzy application standards of special cases, which lead to the phenomenon of inconsistent judgment scale in judicial practice. In view of these problems, this paper innovatively puts forward the "type + dynamic" distribution mode of proof burden, that is, on the basis of adhering to the basic principle of "who claims who provides evidence", it is differentiated according to the factors of the nature of the case and the ability of the parties to provide evidence.
Keyword: civil suit Proof of liability distribution judicial justice
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与思路 1
2民事诉讼证明责任分配规则的理论基础 2
2.1证明责任分配的法理依据 2
2.2证明责任分配的基本原则 2
2.3现行规则的制度缺陷分析 3
3域外民事诉讼证明责任分配规则的比较 4
3.1大陆法系国家的经验借鉴 4
3.2英美法系国家的实践启示 4
3.3国际民事诉讼规则的参考价值 5
4我国民事诉讼证明责任分配规则的完善路径 6
4.1立法层面的完善建议 6
4.2司法实践中的适用规则优化 6
4.3配套制度的协同改革方案 7
5结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
民事诉讼证明责任分配规则是民事诉讼法中的核心制度，其合理性与科学性直接影响司法公正与效率。随着我国法治建设的深入推进，现行证明责任分配规则在应对新型案件和复杂法律关系时逐渐显现出局限性。本研究以完善我国民事诉讼证明责任分配规则为目标，采用文献研究、比较分析和实证调查相结合的方法，系统梳理了国内外相关理论成果与立法实践。研究发现，现行规则存在举证责任主体界定不清、特殊类型案件适用标准模糊等问题，导致司法实践中出现裁判尺度不统一的现象。针对这些问题，本文创新性地提出了"类型化+动态化"的证明责任分配模式，即在坚持"谁主张谁举证"基本原则的基础上，根据案件性质、当事人举证能力等因素进行差异化处理。
关键词：民事诉讼 证明责任分配 司法公正
Abstract
The liability distribution rule of civil procedure is the core system in the civil procedure law, and its rationality and scientificity directly affect the judicial justice and efficiency. With the deepening of the construction of the rule of law in China, the current rules of proof liability distribution gradually show limitations in dealing with new cases and complex legal relations. With the aim of improving the distribution rules of proof liability in civil litigation in China, the methods of combining literature research, comparative analysis and empirical investigation of literature are used. It is found that the current rules have problems such as unclear definition of the subject of burden of proof and fuzzy application standards of special cases, which lead to the phenomenon of inconsistent judgment scale in judicial practice. In view of these problems, this paper innovatively puts forward the "type + dynamic" distribution mode of proof burden, that is, on the basis of adhering to the basic principle of "who claims who provides evidence", it is differentiated according to the factors of the nature of the case and the ability of the parties to provide evidence.
Keyword: civil suit Proof of liability distribution judicial justice
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与思路 1
2民事诉讼证明责任分配规则的理论基础 2
2.1证明责任分配的法理依据 2
2.2证明责任分配的基本原则 2
2.3现行规则的制度缺陷分析 3
3域外民事诉讼证明责任分配规则的比较 4
3.1大陆法系国家的经验借鉴 4
3.2英美法系国家的实践启示 4
3.3国际民事诉讼规则的参考价值 5
4我国民事诉讼证明责任分配规则的完善路径 6
4.1立法层面的完善建议 6
4.2司法实践中的适用规则优化 6
4.3配套制度的协同改革方案 7
5结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
