儿童哮喘长期管理中的家庭护理效果评价
摘 要
本研究旨在评估家庭护理在儿童哮喘长期管理中的效果及其影响因素。采用前瞻性队列研究设计，选取2020年1月至2022年12月期间在本院儿科门诊确诊的6-12岁哮喘患儿200例，随机分为干预组和对照组各100例。干预组实施为期12个月的家庭护理干预方案，包括环境控制、药物使用指导、症状监测及应急处理等；对照组仅接受常规门诊随访。通过比较两组患儿的哮喘控制水平、急性发作次数、肺功能指标及生活质量评分等参数，评估家庭护理的干预效果。结果显示，干预组患儿的哮喘控制测试评分显著高于对照组，急性发作次数显著减少，肺功能指标FEV1%预计值显著改善。
关 键 词：家庭护理；儿童哮喘；长期管理
Evaluation of the effectiveness of home care in the long-term management of childhood asthma
ABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the effect of home care in the long-term management of childhood asthma and its influencing factors. Using a prospective cohort study design, 200 asthmatic children aged 6 – 12 years who were diagnosed in the pediatric outpatient clinic of our hospital between January 2020 and December 2022 were randomly divided into 100 patients each of the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group had a 12-month home care intervention program, including environmental control, medication use guidance, symptom monitoring, and emergency management; the control group only received routine outpatient follow-up. The intervention effect of home care was evaluated by comparing the parameters of asthma control level, number of acute attacks, lung function index and quality of life score in the two groups. The results showed that the intervention children had significantly higher asthma control test scores, the number of acute attacks was significantly reduced, and the expected value of lung function index FEV 1% improved significantly.
Key words：Home care; childhood asthma; long-term management
目 录
摘 要 IABSTRACT II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景与意义 1
（二）研究现状 1
（三）研究方法与结构安排 1
二、家庭护理对儿童哮喘控制的影响评估 2
（一）家庭护理干预措施的分类与实施 2
（二）家庭护理对哮喘症状控制的效果分析 2
（三）家庭护理对患儿生活质量的影响评估 3
三、家庭护理在儿童哮喘长期管理中的作用机制 4
（一）家庭环境因素对哮喘控制的影响 4
（二）家长照护能力与患儿依从性的关系 4
（三）家庭支持系统在哮喘管理中的作用 5
四、结语 6
参考文献 7
谢辞 8
