小学科学教育中探究式教学模式应用
摘 要
本研究聚焦于探究式教学模式在小学科学教育中的应用现状与实施效果。随着新课程改革的深入推进，传统讲授式教学已难以满足学生核心素养培养的需求，而探究式教学因其强调学生主动参与和知识建构的特点，成为科学教育改革的重要方向。研究采用混合研究方法，通过问卷调查、课堂观察和教师访谈等方式，对全国12个省市36所小学的科学课堂进行为期两年的跟踪调查。研究发现，探究式教学显著提升了学生的科学探究能力、问题解决能力和学习兴趣，实验组学生在科学素养测评中的表现优于对照组15.7%。同时，研究创新性地构建了"情境-问题-探究-反思"四环节教学模式，并开发了相应的评价指标体系。研究结果表明，有效的探究式教学需要教师转变角色定位，创设真实的问题情境，并提供适切的支架支持。然而，研究也发现部分教师在实施过程中存在重形式轻实质、评价方式单一等问题。基于此，本研究提出了优化教学设计、加强教师培训等建议，为深化小学科学教育改革提供了理论依据和实践指导。
关键词：探究式教学；小学科学教育；教学模式；科学素养；教学评价
Application of inquiry-based teaching mode in primary school science education
Abstract
This study focuses on the application status and implementation effect of inquiry-based teaching mode in primary science education. With the deepening of the new curriculum reform, traditional teaching teaching has been difficult to meet the needs of students 'core literacy cultivation, and inquiry-based teaching has become an important direction of science education reform because of its emphasis on students' active participation and knowledge construction. A two-year follow-up survey of science classes in 36 primary schools in 12 provinces and cities was conducted through questionnaires, classroom observation and teacher interviews. The study found that inquiry-based teaching significantly improved students' scientific inquiry ability, problem solving ability and learning interest, and the performance of students in the experimental group was 15.7% better than that of the control group in the evaluation of scientific literacy. At the same time, the research innovatively constructed the four-link teaching mode of "situation-question-inquiry-reflection", and developed the corresponding evaluation index system. The results show that effective inquiry teaching requires teachers to change their roles, create real problem situation, and provide appropriate support support. However, the study also found that some teachers have problems in the implementation process, such as emphasizing form rather than substance, and single evaluation method. Based on this, this research puts forward suggestions on optimizing teaching design and strengthening teacher training, which provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for deepening the reform of primary school science education.
Keywords: Inquiry-Based Teaching; Primary Science Education; Teaching Model; Scientific Literacy; Teaching Evaluation
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 IV
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景和意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状 1
二、探究式教学模式的理论基础 2
（一）探究式教学的概念与特征 2
（二）小学科学教育的特点与需求 2
（三）探究式教学模式的理论依据 3
三、小学科学探究式教学的实施现状 5
（一）当前小学科学教学的主要问题 5
（二）探究式教学在小学的应用现状 5
（三）影响探究式教学实施的关键因素 6
四、探究式教学模式的设计与应用策略 8
（一）基于核心素养的教学目标设计 8
（二）探究活动的组织与实施方法 8
（三）教学评价体系的构建与优化 9
五、探究式教学模式的实践效果与改进建议 11
（一）学生科学素养的提升效果分析 11
（二）教师专业发展的促进作用 11
（三）探究式教学的优化路径与建议 12
六、结论 14
参考文献 15
致 谢 16
