摘 要
随着现代矿业技术的快速发展，金属矿山井下测量面临着更高精度、更高效能以及更复杂环境的要求。传统测量手段在应对复杂地质条件和高精度需求时逐渐显现出局限性，因此引入测绘新技术成为提升井下测量效率与精度的关键所在。本研究旨在探讨以三维激光扫描、惯性导航系统（INS）、全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）及无人机（UAV）为代表的新型测绘技术在金属矿山井下测量中的应用潜力及其实际效果。通过结合理论分析与实地试验，研究构建了一套适用于金属矿山井下环境的综合测量技术体系，并重点解决了地下空间数据采集困难、定位精度不足以及多源数据融合等问题。研究结果表明，三维激光扫描技术能够快速获取高密度点云数据，显著提高井巷结构建模的精度；惯性导航系统在无GNSS信号环境下表现出良好的定位能力，为井下设备动态监测提供了可靠支持；而无人机技术则有效扩展了测量范围，降低了人工操作的风险。此外，通过多源数据融合算法，实现了不同技术间的互补优化，进一步提升了整体测量精度与效率。本研究的主要创新点在于首次将多种新型测绘技术集成应用于金属矿山井下测量，并提出了一种适应性强、精度高的综合解决方案，为推动矿山测量技术现代化提供了重要参考。研究成果不仅有助于改善井下测量工作的安全性和经济性，还为智慧矿山建设奠定了坚实的技术基础。
关键词：金属矿山井下测量；三维激光扫描；惯性导航系统；多源数据融合；无人机技术
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of modern mining technology, underground surveying in me tal mines is facing increasingly stringent requirements for higher accuracy, greater efficiency, and more complex environments. Traditional surveying methods are gradually showing limitations when dealing with complex geological conditions and high-precision demands, making the introduction of new surveying technologies crucial for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of underground measurements. This study investigates the application potential and practical effects of emerging surveying technologies, including terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), inertial navigation systems (INS), global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in underground surveying for me tal mines. By integrating theoretical analysis with field experiments, a comprehensive surveying technology system tailored to the underground environment of me tal mines has been developed, addressing key challenges such as difficult data acquisition in underground spaces, insufficient positioning accuracy, and multi-source data fusion. The results demonstrate that TLS can rapidly acquire high-density point cloud data, significantly improving the accuracy of drift structure modeling; INS exhibits robust positioning capabilities in GNSS-denied environments, providing reliable support for dynamic monitoring of underground equipment; UAV technology effectively extends the measurement range while reducing the risks associated with manual operations. Furthermore, through multi-source data fusion algorithms, complementary optimization among different technologies is achieved, further enhancing overall measurement accuracy and efficiency. A major innovation of this study lies in the first-time integration of multiple advanced surveying technologies for underground surveying in me tal mines, proposing a highly adaptable and precise integrated solution that contributes significantly to the modernization of mine surveying technology. The research findings not only improve the safety and economy of underground surveying operations but also lay a solid technical foundation for the construction of smart mines.
Keywords: me tal Mine Underground Surveying; Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning; Inertial Navigation System; Multi-Source Data Fusion; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 金属矿山井下测量的研究背景 1
1.2 测绘新技术在矿山测量中的意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 测绘新技术在井下测量中的基础理论 3
2.1 金属矿山井下测量的基本要求 3
2.2 新型测绘技术的原理与特点 3
2.3 地下空间数据采集的关键技术 4
2.4 数据处理与建模的基础方法 4
2.5 理论框架对实际应用的指导 5
第3章 测绘新技术在金属矿山井下测量中的具体应用 6
3.1 GNSS技术在井下定位中的应用 6
3.2 激光扫描技术在矿体建模中的作用 6
3.3 无人机测绘在复杂环境中的实践 7
3.4 地质雷达在岩层探测中的优势 7
3.5 多源数据融合的技术实现 8
第4章 测绘新技术在金属矿山井下测量中的优化与挑战 9
4.1 提高测量精度的技术路径 9
4.2 数据质量控制与误差分析 9
4.3 测绘新技术的成本效益评估 10
4.4 安全性与可靠性保障措施 10
4.5 当前技术应用的主要挑战与对策 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
