摘 要
山区地形测绘作为地理信息获取的重要组成部分，长期以来面临复杂地形、恶劣环境和传统测量手段效率低下的挑战。为解决这一问题，本研究以无人机技术为核心，探索其在山区地形测绘中的应用潜力与实际效果。研究旨在通过无人机遥感数据采集与处理，提升测绘精度与效率，同时降低人力成本与安全风险。具体方法包括利用多旋翼无人机搭载高分辨率相机进行影像采集，结合摄影测量与三维建模技术生成数字高程模型（DEM）和正射影像图（DOM）。通过对某典型山区的实测案例分析，验证了无人机测绘系统的可行性和优越性。结果表明，无人机测绘能够实现厘米级精度的数据采集，并显著缩短作业周期，相较于传统测绘手段具有更高的灵活性和适应性。此外，本研究提出了一种基于无人机影像的自动化特征提取算法，有效提升了复杂地形条件下的数据处理效率。该创新点不仅优化了山区测绘流程，还为类似地理环境的测绘任务提供了新的技术参考。综上所述，无人机技术在山区地形测绘中展现出广阔的应用前景，其高效、精准的特点为地理信息科学的发展注入了新的动力。
关键词：无人机测绘；山区地形；数字高程模型；摄影测量；自动化特征提取算法
ABSTRACT
Mountainous terrain surveying, as a critical component of geographic information acquisition, has long faced challenges posed by complex topography, harsh environments, and the inefficiency of traditional surveying methods. To address these issues, this study focuses on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to explore its potential and practical effectiveness in mountainous terrain surveying. The ob jective is to enhance surveying accuracy and efficiency while reducing labor costs and safety risks through UAV-based remote sensing data collection and processing. Specific methodologies include the use of multi-rotor UAVs equipped with high-resolution cameras for image acquisition, combined with photogrammetry and 3D modeling techniques to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophoto maps (DOMs). Through an analysis of a real-world case study conducted in a typical mountainous area, the feasibility and superiority of the UAV-based surveying system were validated. Results indicate that UAV surveying can achieve centimeter-level precision in data collection while significantly shortening the operational cycle, demonstrating greater flexibility and adaptability compared to conventional surveying methods. Furthermore, this study proposes an automated feature extraction algorithm based on UAV imagery, which effectively improves data processing efficiency under complex terrain conditions. This innovation not only optimizes the surveying process in mountainous regions but also provides new technical references for similar geographic environments. In conclusion, UAV technology exhibits broad application prospects in mountainous terrain surveying, with its high efficiency and precision contributing new momentum to the development of geographic information science.
Keywords: Uav Surveying; Mountainous Terrain; Digital Elevation Model; Photogrammetry; Automated Feature Extraction Algorithm
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 无人机山区测绘的研究背景 1
1.2 山区地形测绘的意义与挑战 1
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4 本文研究方法概述 2
第2章 无人机技术在山区测绘中的适用性分析 3
2.1 山区地形特点及其对测绘的影响 3
2.2 无人机技术的基本原理与优势 3
2.3 无人机在复杂地形中的适应能力 4
2.4 数据采集精度与效率评估 5
2.5 技术局限性及改进方向 5
第3章 无人机测绘数据处理与分析方法 7
3.1 测绘数据的获取与预处理 7
3.2 高精度三维建模技术应用 7
3.3 数据误差来源与校正策略 8
3.4 地形特征提取与分析方法 8
3.5 数据可视化技术的应用 9
第4章 实际案例研究与效果评价 10
4.1 案例区域选择与研究目标 10
4.2 无人机测绘实施过程详解 10
4.3 测绘结果与传统方法对比分析 11
4.4 成果在实际工程中的应用价值 11
4.5 案例研究的经验总结 12
结论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
