摘 要
无线传感器网络因其广泛的应用场景对能量效率和路由优化提出了较高要求。针对传统路由算法在动态环境适应性和全局寻优能力方面的不足，本文研究了遗传算法在无线传感器网络路由优化中的应用，旨在提升网络的能耗均衡性与整体生命周期。通过构建基于能量感知的多目标适应度函数，并引入自适应交叉变异机制，改进了遗传算法的收敛速度与解集质量。实验采用NS-2仿真平台，对比分析了改进遗传算法与经典LEACH、AODV等协议在不同网络规模下的性能表现。结果表明，所提方法在网络能耗分布、存活节点数量及数据传输效率方面均具有显著优势，尤其在大规模部署环境中效果更为突出。本研究不仅验证了遗传算法在路由优化中的有效性，还为复杂约束条件下的多目标优化问题提供了新的解决思路，对延长无线传感器网络生命周期和提升系统鲁棒性具有实际意义。
关键词：无线传感器网络；遗传算法；路由优化；能量效率；自适应机制
ABSTRACT
Wireless sensor networks impose high requirements on energy efficiency and routing optimization due to their diverse application scenarios. To address the limitations of traditional routing algorithms in terms of adaptability to dynamic environments and global optimization capability, this study investigates the application of genetic algorithms in routing optimization for wireless sensor networks, aiming to enhance energy consumption balance and prolong the overall network lifetime. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed by constructing an energy-aware multi-ob jective fitness function and introducing an adaptive crossover and mutation mechanism, thereby accelerating convergence speed and improving solution quality. The NS-2 simulation platform is employed in experiments to comparatively analyze the performance of the improved genetic algorithm against classical protocols such as LEACH and AODV under different network scales. Results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in terms of network energy distribution, number of surviving nodes, and data transmission efficiency, with particularly pronounced improvements observed in large-scale deployment environments. This research not only validates the effectiveness of genetic algorithms in routing optimization but also provides new insights into solving multi-ob jective optimization problems under complex constraints, offering practical value in extending network lifetime and enhancing system robustness.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; Genetic Algorithm; Routing Optimization; Energy Efficiency; Adaptive Mechanism
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
绪 论 1
第一章 遗传算法与无线传感器网络路由基础 2
1.1 遗传算法的基本原理与特点 2
1.2 无线传感器网络的路由需求分析 2
1.3 遗传算法在路由优化中的适用性探讨 2
第二章 基于遗传算法的路由协议设计 4
2.1 路由编码策略与染色体表示 4
2.2 适应度函数的构建与评估标准 4
2.3 遗传操作算子的选择与改进方法 5
第三章 遗传算法在WSN路由优化中的性能分析 6
3.1 网络能耗均衡性的优化效果 6
3.2 路由路径的收敛速度与稳定性 6
3.3 不同拓扑结构下的算法适应能力 6
第四章 多目标遗传算法在路由优化中的应用 8
4.1 多目标优化问题的形式化建模 8
4.2 NSGA-II在WSN路由中的实现机制 8
4.3 多目标优化结果的对比与分析 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
